In theory, unisexual taxa have an advantage over ecologically similar bisexual species because unisexuals produce twice as many daughters and, thus, should quickly outcompete coexisting bisexuals in any given population. For sperm-dependent unisexual (gynogenetic) species, stable coexistence with their bisexual sperm donors can be postulated if male mate choice puts unisexual females at a disad...

M. TARIQ EZAZ INSTITUTE OF AQUACULTURE PHD THESIS ii ABSTRACT Seven families of XX and YY homozygous Oreochromis niloticus were produced by mitotic gynogenesis from XY neofemales and their genetic status was verified by multilocus DNA fingerprinting and progeny testing. Two of these gynogenetic families and their corresponding diploid controls were used with 64 AFLP primer combinations in diffe...

Duplications and changes made on code segments by developers form code clones. Cloned code segments are exactly the same or have a particular similarity. A set of cloned code segments that have the same similarity with each other become a clone group. A clone genealogy contains several clone groups in different revisions and time periods. Based on different textual similarities, there are three...