Circulation of a new dengue virus (DENV)-3 genotype was recently described in Brazil and Colombia, but the precise classification of this genotype has been controversial. Here we perform phylogenetic and nucleotide-distance analyses of the envelope gene, which support the subdivision of DENV-3 strains into five distinct genotypes (GI to GV) and confirm the classification of the new South Americ...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, yet rapidly-progressive neurodegenerative disease that presents clinically with autonomic failure in combination with parkinsonism or cerebellar ataxia. The definitive neuropathology differentiating MSA from Lewy body diseases is the presence of α-synuclein aggregates in oligodendrocytes (called glial cytoplasmic inclusion or GCI) rather than the fibrill...

Aims It is consensus that glucose variability (GV) plays an important role in maccomplications of type 2 diabetes, but whether GV has a causal role is not yet clear for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study sought to explore the effect on GV for CVD risk factors with type 2 diabetes. Methods The systematic literature search was performed to identify all GV and CVD risk factors, including t...

This study investigated the structure of working memory in young school-age children by testing the fit of three competing theoretical models using a wide variety of tasks. The best fitting models were then used to assess the relationship between working memory and nonverbal measures of fluid reasoning (Gf) and visual processing (Gv) intelligence. One hundred sixty-eight English-speaking 7-9 ye...

Following the finding that ammodytoxin (Atx), a neurotoxic secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in snake venom, binds specifically to protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in vitro we show that these proteins also interact in living rat PC12 cells that are able to internalize this group IIA (GIIA) sPLA2. Atx and PDI co-localize in both differentiated and non-differentiated PC12 cells, as shown by fluo...

The primary therapeutic target for diabetes management is the achievement of good glycemic control, of which glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) remains the standard clinical marker. However, glycemic variability (GV; the amplitude, frequency, and duration of glycemic fluctuations around mean blood glucose) is an emerging target for blood glucose control. A growing body of evidence supports GV as an in...

The purpose of this research was to contribute to a better understanding of how to enhance pre-service teachers’ knowledge of mathematics teaching through Model, Strategy, and Application (MSA). 153 pre-service teachers from six math methods courses (K-8) at two universities participated in this study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to measure teacher learning and understan...

Total sixty four straight run broiler chicks of two daysold were fed a control diet and diet supplemented with Fungi inhibitor (FI): Gentian violet (GV), Copper sulphate (CS), GV+CSto evaluate the effect of dietary FI on the performance characteristics of broiler. The levels of GV, CS and GV+CS were 0.05%, 0.06% and 0.025%+0.06%, respectively. Dietary FI did not alter the growth rate, feed inta...

Definition 1.1 (see [1]). A triple (X ,M,∗), where X is an arbitrary set, ∗ is a continuous t-norm, andM is a fuzzy set on X2× (0,∞), is said to be a fuzzy metric space (in the sense of George and Veeramani) if the following conditions are satisfied for all x, y ∈ X and s, t > 0: (GV-1) M(x, y, t) > 0; (GV-2) M(x, y, t)= 1 if and only if x = y; (GV-3) M(x, y, t)=M(y,x, t); (GV-4) M(x, y,·) is c...