We investigated processes of truth validation during reading. Participants responded to 'true' and 'false' probes after reading simple true or false sentences. Compatible sentence/probe combinations (true/'true', false/'false') facilitated responding compared with incompatible combinations (true/'false', false/'true'), indicating truth validation. Evidence for truth validation was obtained afte...

Shifting students to a growth mindset can increase their achievements. Nevertheless, only few studies have been conducted on this topic in developing countries. This study aims examine the relationship between mindset, school context, and mathematics achievement Indonesia. Using multilevel model PISA 2018 data, explored variables that contributed achievement. The analysis showed students’ gende...

To effectively cultivate students' growth mindset, it is important to identify contextual factors that may communicate mindset messages students. The present study examined the association of with various dimensions teacher beliefs (mindset, self-efficacy), teaching practices (guided inquiry, group work, task differentiation, in-class ability grouping, mastery and normative evaluations), school...

Though researchers now are aware of the potential importance of character skills, such as conscientiousness, grit, self-control, and a growth mindset, researchers struggle to find reliable measures of these skills. In this paper, we use data collected from the Understanding America Study, a nationally representative internet panel to study the validity of innovative measures of character skills...