Introduction: Corruption, as a deterrent to equitable development, is recognized as a contentious issue in the field of institutional quality and political economy. The literature on the impact of corruption on economic growth often addresses the issue that corruption has had a negative impact on economic growth and development. But some economists believe that corruption has had a positive eff...

The relationship between human development and economic growth has always interested policy makers for various important reasons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the non-linear causal relationship between the human development and economic growth variables in Iran; however, since the time series may confront structural changes, there is always a possibility for a change of direction...

Growth in gross domestic product does not necessarily mean growth in human development; experience in global level demonstrated that income growth and human development are not always companions and in some countries, an increase in one of them was took place with a decrease in the other. On the other hand, a study has found that as government health expenditures grow the efficiency of such ex...

the present study aimed at exploring cognitions of iranian english teachers within the context of english for academic purposes (eap). to this end, the cognitions of two groups of eap teachers with respect to their pedagogical content knowledge (pck) and their sense of professional identity (pi) were probed. two language teachers and two content instructors who had at least five years of eap te...

Introduction: Assessment of national children growth has shown children‘s growth failure in a large percentage of them in Iran. Growth failure is easily diagnosed by growth monitoring card .On the other hand, mothers’ Knowledge of Nutritional development stages can help them to modify their practice in this field .In this case, conducting educational and interventional programs play a key role ...