Refining is one of the most energy intensive processes in the manufacture of paper and paperboard. While refining combines a blend of science, art, and operating experience, nearly all papermakers acknowledge that we over-refine our paper machine stock fiber. Series and parallel equipment line-ups are commonplace, and different hydraulic paths are necessary to accommodate the plethora blends of...

Humankind is not living sustainably, and action must be taken, and taken soon, to reverse this negative trend and reconcile human use of the planet’s resources with the ability of the Earth to supply them. A successful sustainability transition, moreover, will demand critical advances in basic knowledge, in humankind’s social and technological capacity to utilize it, and in the political will t...

Green computing provides techniques to reduce the wastage of energy, making it very critical to the development of IT systems due to the increasing power and energy needed now-a-days to run data centers. Green metrics play a vital role in green computing since they are criteria for evaluating the green performance of the large scale IT systems. Green computing metrics need to be defined to meas...

The number of works addressing the role of energy efficiency in the software development has been increasing recently. But, designers and programmers still complain about the lack of tools that help them to make energy-efficiency decisions. Some works show that energy-aware design decisions tend to have a larger impact in the power consumed by applications, than code optimizations. In this pape...

Green computing refers to the study and practice of designing, operating and disposing computing systems effectively in a manner which creates minimal or no impact on the environment. With increasing use of computing systems, their total energy consumption has also increased and it has been estimated that the carbon emission of ICT (information and communication technology) will triple from 200...

The properties of the various types of bosonic Green functions at finite temperature in the zero energy limit are considered in the light of recent work. Nous discutons, à la lumière de récents travaux, des propriétés de certains types de fonctions de Green à température finie, dans le cas limite où l’énergie est nulle.

Background: Concrete buildings on Guam are exceptionally strong but also accumulate large amounts of heat. In the tropical environment of Guam, where 24 h average temperature ranges from 28 to 29oC year round, air conditioning is used every day and continuously. Concrete roofs are often painted light colors, which make them more reflective and accumulate less heat. They are also suitable for es...

This article explores whether and to what extent individuals are willing to voluntarily pay a premium for products that provide public environmental benefits. In particular, we critically review and analyze the status and impacts of U.S. green power marketing to date. Green power marketing—the business of selling electricity products distinguished by their environmental attributes—seeks to deve...

the purpose of this paper is to investigate causality relationship between emission of carbon dioxide, the level of national income and energy consumption in iran consumption of fuel fossil as an input of production or as a final consumption which produces significant amount of pollution such as green house gases in the world. c02 emission is the most important green – house gases which has the...

This paper studies a new renewable energy investment model through crowdfunding, which is motivated by emerging community solar farms. In this paper we develop a sequential game theory model to capture the interactions among crowdfunders, the solar farm owner, and an electricity company who purchases renewable energy generated by the solar farm in a multi-period framework. By characterizing a u...