In urban GIS and management, Digital surface model (DSM) can be used for generating object models. The preliminary step is to segment the interesting areas. In this paper, we present an integrated method of building extraction using transform from DSM to normal angles and watershed segmentation to the gradient of DSM. To remove the effect of the terrain shape to building detection, we firstly d...

Abstract The presented paper deals with the assessment of selected indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors, specifically parameters thermal comfort and air (IAQ), in two buildings a modern office complex. Both are LEED certified. monitoring IEQ risk factors took place spaces (cell open-space offices) representative all occupied areas under operating conditions. results real measurements IAQ ...

a r t i c l e i n f o The Ratio of Equivalent Transparency (Req) is a basic index for assessing whether a building is energy-efficient in Taiwan. Req is the ratio of the area of total building envelope and the area of envelope equivalent transparency. Calculation of Req requires not simply the consideration of natural factors such as building location, direction, ambient lighting and sunshine, ...

green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment. the “green” architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices. so, green architecture is building and structure design philosophy that aims at minimal use of non-renewable and/or...

This much should be self-evident: a material should not be used in green buildings if it is uniquely toxic or carcinogenic, if it causes high levels of harm to workers, communities, and the natural environment both in production and in disposal. Rather, replacement of such a material with less toxic alternatives should be a priority for environmentally concerned architects, designers, and build...