Abstract A combined prediction model based on long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) and convolutional (CNN) is proposed in order to increase the accuracy of load. To address issue that gray wolf optimization (GWO) search process prone falling into local optimum. An improved grey algorithm (IGWO) update convergence factor using lower incomplete gamma function improve global performance. T...

Automatic tooth arrangement and path planning play an essential role in computer-aided orthodontic treatment. However, state-of-the-art methods have some shortcomings: low efficiency, excessive cost of displacements or collisions insufficient accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes innovative method based on the improved gray wolf optimization algorithm, which is called OPP-IGWO....