Graves disease has a myriad of known symptoms, ranging from typical symptoms —such as anxiety, palpitations, diaphoresis, weight loss, heat intolerance, and muscle weakness—to less common symptoms such as high-output heart failure and cholestasis. A delay in the recognition of the underlying thyroid disease causing these symptoms can result in fatal consequences. We report a 36-year-old patient...

Previous studies have suggested that there is an overproduction of triiodothyronine (T(3)) relative to thyroxine (T(4)) in patients with thyrotoxicosis associated with Graves' disease. To evaluate whether or not an increased ratio of T(3) to T(4) in thyroidal secretion could be contributing to this relative T(3) hyperproduction, T(3), T(4), and iodine were measured in thyroglobulin (Tg) from co...

Maternal Graves' disease is relatively uncommon with an estimated incidence of 0.4%-1% of all pregnancies, but only 1-5% of newborns delivered to mothers with Graves' disease develop overt clinical signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Here, we describe a case of a 1380-gram female neonate who was born at 30-week gestation to a mother with Graves' disease. Our patient presented with hyperthyro...

north-western iran comprises diverse geographical landscapes, including pastures of piedmonts, mountains, and well-watered plains. the present chronology of this region, nevertheless, is based exclusively on data collected from sites around the urmia lake, other regions being almost totally ignored. during the late bronze age (hereafter lba) a new way of life took shape in the mountainous regio...

Thyrotoxicosis due to Graves disease is a relatively common endocrine disorder. The occurrence of a prolactinoma with co-secretion of growth hormone (GH) is on the other hand, rare. We report the rare co-existence of Graves' disease in a patient with macroprolactinoma and GH hypersecretion and describe the successful response to medical therapy with dopamine agonist and antithyroid therapy. We ...

Management of Graves' orbitopathy remains an important therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic modalities are unsatisfactory in about one third of patients. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody against CD20 antigen that is expressed in mature and immature B cells. Early experience with rituximab suggests that it is a promising alternative therapy for Graves' orbitopathy. Here we report a case ...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and Graves' disease are autoimmune diseases, and a number of genetic factors, including HLA and CTLA-4 genes, have been reported to contribute to their etiology. The gene responsible for autoimmune polyendocrinopathy- candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) has been cloned and named the autoimmune regulator-1 (AIRE-1) gene. AIRE-1 protein is thought to be a trans...

The association between vitamin D levels and Graves' disease is not well studied. This update review aims to further analyze the relationship in order to provide an actual view of estimating the risk. We searched for the publications on vitamin D and Graves' disease in English or Chinese on PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medical and Wanfang databases. T...

In order to determine the frequency of thyroxine (T4) toxicosis and study the possibility of usefulness for differentiation between thyrotoxic Graves' disease and destructioninduced thyrotoxicosis, the serum concentrations of T4, triiodothyronine(T3), reverse T3 (rT3), and T4-binding globulin (TBG) and the values of T3-uptake and radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) were measured, and free, T4 inde...

Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy has been used as a treatment option for Graves' disease, and it has been widely accepted to be safe. On the other hand, some evidence suggests that RAI therapy is possibly associated with a small increased risk of thyroid cancer. Herein, we report a rare case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) associated with Graves' disease, following RAI treatment. A 42-yea...