Features extracted from echosounder bottom returns are compared with the ground truth in a North Sea survey area. The ground truth consists of 50 grab samples for which the grain size distribution, and the gravel and shell contents were determined. Echo envelopes are analysed for two single-beam echosounders, operated at frequencies of 66 and 150 kHz. It is shown that a set of six energetic, st...

In recent years, North American prairie vegetation has served as a design model for highly attractive, low-cost and low-maintenance plantings in German urban green spaces. Where mixed-planting techniques, gravel mulch toppings and non-selective maintenance techniques such as mowing are used, prairie plantings are considered to be cost-effective alternative design concepts for public green space...

This studyis part of a collaborativeeffortbetweenMontanaTechand AtlanticRichfield Companyto find solutions for treating metal-contaminated surface runoff from the surrounding city of Butte, Montana. The runoff flows into a storm drai% which transports the suspended and dissolved metals into nearby Silver Bow Creek, a tributary of the Clark Fork River. The study compared percent removal of metrd...

This paper reports on hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia immobilized in biofilms on gravel particles in the intertidal zone of the Arabian Gulf coast. These microorganisms contribute to the self-cleaning of the coasts and, in addition, could potentially be used for cleaning oily industrial waste before its disposal in the open environment. Each gravel particle was found coated with about...

Abstract This paper aims to find a proper admixture of the cemented sand-gravel (CSG) material for constructing hardfill embankment located in cold weather. To this end, compaction, strength, permeability mixtures with cement contents 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5% are experimentally studied. Besides, freeze–thaw durability native grains soil stabilizing is examined. According test results, even though ...

Sand Intermittent Filtration (SIF) is an established technology of wastewater treatment and in recent years it gains renewed interest due to its simplicity less energy requirement. The aim the present study was evaluate modified filter-bed Reactor using Sand-intermittent-filtration for removal physicochemical parameters viz dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical demand (BOD), chemical (COD), total ...

Green roofs provide ecosystem services and can promote biodiversity in urban areas. Blue-green have an additional water storage compartment under the substrate to reduce roof runoff, thereby also reducing drought stress which is beneficial for green vegetation. In order study blue-green design supports highest plant diversity, we assessed effect of different substrates seed mixtures on vegetati...

Vermifilter is a greywater waste treatment by utilizing the symbiosis of earthworms with microbes. more efficient, simple in design, and easy to maintain. The purpose this study was determine effect vermibed material on concentration BOD5, NH3-N, DO using vermifilter. used four vermifilter reactors (VF) filtration media for gravel, coconut fiber, rough sand, vermibed. Reactor VF1 uses mixture m...