Fungal endophytes were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic plants of Dactylis glomerata sampled in different ecosystems in Spain. Fungi were identified using morphological, as well as molecular methods based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ribosomal DNA sequencing. Molecular data provided a framework for identification and assessing the phylogenetic position of isolates. One hun...

The amount of salt-affected agricultural land is increasing globally, so new crop varieties are needed that can grow in salt-affected soils. Despite concerted effort to develop salt-tolerant cereal crops, few commercially viable salt-tolerant crops have been released. This is puzzling, given the number of naturally salt-tolerant grass species. To better understand why salt-tolerance occurs natu...

Literature reviews of all references concerning the parasitic fauna of fishes in fish farms of Babylon province, middle of Iraq, showed that a total of 92 valid parasite species are so far known from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as well as from three freshwater fish species (Carassius auratus, Liza...

The grass family (Poaceae or Gramineae) is the fourth largest flowering plant family in the world and contains about 11,000 species in 800 genera worldwide. Twenty-three genera contain 100 or more species or about half of all grass species, and almost half of the 800 genera are monotypic or diatypic, i.e., with only one or two species (Watson and Dallwitz 1992, 1999). Over the last 150 years th...

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