Due to their electrochemical and economical characteristics, pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) gained in recent years a large applicability to the analysis of various types of inorganic and organic compounds from very different matrices. The electrode material of this type of working electrodes is constituted by the well-known and easy commercially available graphite pencil leads. Thus, PGEs ar...

Using a graphite crucible as the counter-electrode, platinum microprobes with an aspect ratio of 30 and a tip apex radius less than 100 nm were fabricated by an electrochemical discharge etching process. The "neck-in" structure on the platinum wire induced by the electrical discharge at the liquid-air interface plays a key role in the probe shape and the voltage of the following pure electroche...

This paper presents a new application of a fractional order control system which controls the input energy to a three phase electric arc furnace. Graphite electrodes are used to convert electrical energy into heat via phase electric arcs. Constant arc length is desirable as it implies steady energy transfer from the graphite electrodes to the metallic charge in the furnace bath. With the charge...

A non-enzymatic amperometric glucose biosensor based on a modified electrode was fabricated by electrochemical derivatization of copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) film at gold nanoparticles (GNP) adsorbed graphite wax composite electrode. The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrode was also characterized by scannin...

A simple, precise, rapid and low-cost potentiometric method for diclofenac determination in pharmaceuticals is proposed. A new diclofenac-sensitive electrode was constructed by incorporating the diclofenac ion pair complex with butyl rhodamine B into graphite matrix. The electrode exhibited a linear response over the concentration range of 1 × 10-4 – 5 × 10-2 mol L-1, a detection limit of 3.9×1...

The use of an exfoliated graphite (EG) electrode in the square wave voltammetric detection of bisphenol A (a model phenolic pollutant) in water, whereby the phenolic electrode fouling challenge is mitigated, is described. The oxidation peak of BPA was observed at about 0.45 V in phosphate buffer solution at pH 10. The current response exhibited a linear relationship with the concentration over ...

Xanthine oxidase (E. C. 1.2.3.2) was immobilized by adsorption on electrochemically modified graphite plate to obtain an enzyme electrode. The current of the enzyme electrode in substrate (xanthine) solutions was found to be a result of the electrooxidation of H2O2 generated in the enzyme layer. The linearity of the amperometric signal was up to a substrate concentration of 65 microM at 0.6 V (...

Energy and environmental pollution have become the two major problems in today's society. The development of green energy storage devices with good safety, high reliability, high energy density and low cost are urgently demanded. Here we report on a lithium ion battery using an aqueous electrolyte solution. It is built up by using graphite coated with gel polymer membrane and LISICON as the neg...

It is shown that iron(II) tetra-aminophthalocyanine complex electropolymerized onto a multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode greatly enhanced the electrocatalytic detetion of amitrole (a toxic herbicide), resulting in a very low detection limit (0.5 nM) and excellent sensitivity of 8.80±0.44 μA/nM, compared to any known work reported so far. The electroca...

A novel electrochemical sensor was proposed for the determination of amitriptyline based on the copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles modified graphite screen-printed electrode. CuO nanoparticles were used to enhance the surface area of the electrode and then improve the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor. Amitriptyline electrochemical response characteristics of the modified electrode in a p...