Computer Aided Architectural Design systems offer a broad scope of drawing and modeling techniques for the designer. Nevertheless, they offer limited support for the early phases of the design process. One reason is that the level of abstraction is too low: the user can define walls and such in great precision, but no support is offered to define global or structural characteristics of the desi...

One of the complex documents in the real world is city maps. In these kinds of maps, text labels overlap by graphics with having a variety of fonts and styles in different orientations. Usually, text and graphic colour is not predefined due to various map publishers. In most city maps, text and graphic lines form a single connected component. Moreover, the common regions of text and graphic lin...

A sequence of nonnegative integers π is graphic if it is the degree sequence of some graph G. In this case we say that G is a realization of π, and we write π = π(G). A graphic sequence π is potentially H-graphic if there is a realization of π that contains H as a subgraph. Given nonincreasing graphic sequences π1 = (d1, . . . , dn) and π2 = (s1, . . . , sn), we say that π1 majorizes π2 if di ≥...