In hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni, the pathological effects can be largely attributed to the T lymphocyte-mediated granulomatous host response (1, 2). The chronic granulomatous inflammations terminate in reparative fibrosis, which can lead to portal hypertension, esophageal varices, bleeding, and death (3). Andrade and Warren (4, 5) first showed, that mice with chronic schistosomiasis at...

Granulomatous inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases caused by infectious agents, including mycobacteria (tuberculosis, leprosy); fungi (coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis); worms (schistosomiasis, fllariasis) ; and possibly viruses and protozoa (1, 2). Although it has long been suspected that the granuloma may be a manifestation of delayed hypersensit...

An experimental model to investigate orbital granuloma formation in inbred rats was established. Animals sensitized to trinitrophenyl ovalbumin (TNP-OA) and challenged retro-orbitally with TNP-OA covalently linked o Sepharose 4B beads specifically developed a granulomatous response. This granulomatous reactivity was passively transferred into normal animals by lymph node cells, but not by serum...

Intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats has been proposed as an experimental model for pulmonary sarcoidosis, but only some animals develop granulomas. Because the detection of the presence of granulomas and evaluation of the extent of the reaction has required histological evaluation, this model has been of limited use in following the evolution of the granulomatous p...

In this article, we formulate a semiparametric model for counting processes in which the effect of covariates is to transform the time scale for a baseline rate function. We assume an arbitrary dependence structure for the counting process and propose a class of estimating equations for the regression parameters. Asymptotic results for these estimators are derived. In addition, goodness of fit ...

BACKGROUND The lung is one of the sites of granulomatous responses, which are characterized by the recruitment and organization of activated macrophages and lymphocytes. There have been several reports that have shown that some pulmonary granulomatous diseases, such as sarcoidosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, are likely to be characterized by a preponderance in postmenopausal femal...

BACKGROUND Granulomatous and fibrosing inflammation in response to parasite eggs is the main pathology that occurs during infection with Schistosoma spp. CD4+ T cells play critical roles in both host immune responses against parasitic infection and immunopathology in schistosomiasis,and coordinate many types of immune cells that contribute to fibrosis. ICOSL plays an important role in controlli...

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory lung disease that develops after repeated exposure to inhaled particulate Ag. Stachybotrys chartarum is a dimorphic fungus that has been implicated in a number of respiratory illnesses, including HP. In this study, we have developed a murine model of S. chartarum-induced HP that reproduces pathology observed in human HP, and we have hypothesi...