The contentious whaling dispute can be described as a scientific dispute over resource management, the collision between nations that regard whales as food and nations that see whales as special, political game played by politicians who like to be seen as environmentally conscious by opposing whaling, and economic interests of the whaling industry and fundraising anti-whaling organizations. All...

Grondkaart or block maps are documents that prove the ownership of assets which wealth for an institution company must be maintained. There several things still being debated regarding position legality itself. One state uses as proof its land is PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) KAI. Land KAI a legacy Dutch railroad was subject to nationalization, often causes disputes due evidence tenure in ...

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This paper investigates whether information about fairness types can be useful in lowering dispute costs and enhancing bargaining efficiency. An experiment was conducted in which subjects were first screened using a dictator game, with the allocations chosen used to separate participants into two types. Mutually anonymous pairs of subjects then bargained, with a dispute cost structure imposed. ...

There have been many decision support systems that provide advice for resolving disputes. However, little effort has been devoted to dispute avoidance. Through the use of the intelligent eGanges shell, this work expands on interest-based negotiation support systems, to develop dispute avoidance ontologies and software for negotiation planning systems. It is suggested that intelligent negotiatio...

We present a variant of AB-dispute derivations for assumption-based argumentation (ABA), that can be used for determining the admissibility of claims. ABA reduces the problem of computing arguments to the problem of computing assumptions supporting these arguments. Whereas the original AB-dispute derivations only manipulate sets of assumptions, our variant also renders explicit the underlying d...

This study explored the effect of input vs. collaborative output tasks on Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy and their willingness to communicate (WTC). In so doing, the study utilized 3 input (i.e., textual enhancement, processing instruction, and discourse) and 3 collaborative output (i.e., dictogloss, reconstruction cloze task, and jigsaw) tasks and compared their effects on 5 Englis...

This study aimed to investigate how Iranian EFL learners performed in producing sentences containing idioms and whether they had any problems in producing such sentences. This query, subsequently, raised the question of whether idioms influenced the participants’ grammaticality judgment on idiom-containing sentences. For this purpose, firstly, the writings of 24 learners were investigated for a...

Detection and correction of Chinese grammatical errors have been two of major challenges for Chinese automatic grammatical error diagnosis. This paper presents an N-gram model for automatic detection and correction of Chinese grammatical errors in NLPTEA 2017 task. The experiment results show that the proposed method is good at correction of Chinese grammatical errors.