Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) controls matrix metalloproteinase activity through 1:1 stoichiometric binding. Human TIMP-1 fused to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor (TIMP-1 GPI) shifts the activity of TIMP-1 from the extracellular matrix to the cell surface. TIMP-1 GPI treated renal cell carcinoma cells show increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation. Transcriptom...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) have been considered as a new kind of cancer vaccine, but the antitumor effects are not satisfactory. In order to improve the efficacy of TEXs, we investigated whether exosomes derived from glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored interleukin 2 (GPI-IL-2) gene-modified bladder cancer cells can increase the antitumor effects. METHODS AND STUDY DE...

Targeting of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in polarized epithelial cells depends on their association with detergent-resistant membrane microdomains called rafts. In MDCK cells, GPI-APs associate with rafts in the trans-Golgi network and are directly delivered to the apical membrane. It has been shown that oligomerization is required for their stabilization in ...

The functions of GPI-anchored proteins in T lymphocyte activation have been controversial. This issue was addressed by studying the responses of T lymphocytes from T lymphocyte-specific GPI anchor-deficient mice to different stimuli that normally allow coligation of TCR and GPI-anchored proteins. Stimulation of GPI anchor-deficient T lymphocytes with ConA induced 2-fold higher proliferative res...

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), covalently attached to many eukaryotic proteins, not only acts as a membrane anchor but is also thought to be a sorting signal for GPI-anchored proteins that are associated with sphingolipid and sterol-enriched domains. GPI anchors contain a core structure conserved among all species. The core structure is synthesized in two topologically distinct stages on t...

GPI-anchored proteins are attached to the membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchor whose carbohydrate core is conserved in all eukaryotes. Apart from membrane attachment, the precise role of the GPI-anchor is not known, but it has been proposed to play a role in protein sorting. We have investigated the transport of the yeast GPI-anchored protein Gas1p. We identified two mutant ...

Most proteins that coat the surface of the extracellular forms of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are attached to the plasma membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. These proteins are exposed to neutralizing antibodies, and several are advanced vaccine candidates. To identify the GPI-anchored proteome of P. falciparum we used a combination of proteomic and comp...

Cold acclimation results in changes of the plasma membrane (PM) composition. The PM is considered to contain specific lipid/protein-enriched microdomains which can be extracted as detergent-resistant plasma membrane (DRM). Previous studies in animal cells have demonstrated that glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) can be targeted to microdomains and/or the apoplast. However,...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the surgical procedure of choice for patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). We aim to evaluate the efficacy of GPi (globus pallidus internus), STN (subthalamic nucleus)-DBS and medical therapy for PD. We conducted a systematic review and multiple-treatments meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of neurostimulation and medical therapy for PD patients. ...