competition law as a manifestation of economic public order has also extended its controlling shadow on the commercial interactions around intellectual properties. know-how as a specific and little-known example of such assets -at least in iranian law-, isn't apart from the rules of competition law. this research in comparative attitude and regarding the specifics of innovative confidentia...

During the middle ages, itinerant merchants traveling across Europe to trade at fairs, markets, and sea ports needed common ground rules to create trust and confidence for robust international trade. The differences among local, feudal, royal, and ecclesiastical law provided a significant degree of uncertainty and difficulty for merchants. Custom and practices evolved into a distinct body of la...

This article proposes a flexible way in business process modeling and managing. Today, business process needs to be more flexible and adaptable. The regulations and policies in organizations, as origins of change, are often expressed in terms of business rules. The ECA (Event-condition-action) rule is a popular way to incorporate flexibility into a process design. To raise the flexibility in th...

W. Senn1;2, M. Jakob2, K. Wyler2, J. Kleinle2, H.-R. L uscher3, H. Mey2, L. M uller2 Abstract | Methods of fuzzy logic are commonly used to model a complex system by a set of rules provided by experts. But fuzzy methods can also be applied to the reverse problem: given the inputoutput behavior of a system, what are the rules which are governing that behavior. We introduce this reengineering m...

This paper deals with the issue of participatory budgeting as one newer tools political participation. Its aim is to characterise current situation in Slovak Republic at two levels territorial self-administration (self-governing regions and municipalities). To reach defined aims, it monitors existence legislative settings national level, individual observed subsequently practical application it...

Representative investors whose behavior is modeled by a deterministic finite automaton generate complexity both in the time series of each asset and in the cross-sectional correlation when the rule governing their behavior is schizophrenic, meaning the investor holds multiple seemingly contradictory beliefs simultaneously, either by switching between two different rules at each time step, or co...

Working at the Crossmodal Research Laboratory in Oxford, Charles Spence tries to apply the latest insights from our growing neuroscience understanding of the rules governing multisensory integration to the design of better products, packages, places, interfaces, and foods, an area that can perhaps best be captured under the title of neuroscience-inspired multisensory design.

Social insect colonies have many of the properties of adaptive networks. The simple rules governing how local interactions among individuals translate into group behaviors are found across social groups, giving social insects the potential to have a profound impact on our understanding of the interplay between network dynamics and social evolution.

T cells may recognize glycolipids and lipids of bacterial and self origin associated with the CD1 antigen-presenting molecules. Understanding the mechanisms governing CD1-self glycolipid interaction will provide information on the molecular rules of glycolipid presentation and suggest new approaches to immunotherapy.