We describe a general offset-cancelling architecture for analog multiplication using chopper stabilization. Chopping is used to modulate the offset away the output signal where it can be easily filtered out, providing continuous offset reduction which is insensitive to drift. Both square wave chopping and chopping with orthogonal spreading codes are tested and shown to reduce the offset down to...

The digestive form of Chagas disease, first individualized by JM Rezende (1959 Rev Goiana Med 5: 193), represents, together with the cardiac form, the most important manifestation of the chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The anatomopathologic basis of the digestive form of Chagas disease is denervation of the complex network of intramural neurons (M Amorin & A Correia Neto 1932 An F...

In the past HepG2 cells have been considered to show only little similarity to primary human hepatocytes (Godoy et al., 2013; Hewitt et al., 2007). However, recently it has become clear that the phenotype of HepG2 cells strongly depends on culture conditions. In a recent study, Ramaiahgari et al. (2014) cultivated HepG2 cells in spheroids. In this culture system the cells stopped proliferation ...