The hemicellulose glucuronoxylan (GX) is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. However, our understanding of GX synthesis remains limited. Here, we identify and analyze two new genes from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), IRREGULAR XYLEM9-LIKE (IRX9-L) and IRX14-LIKE (IRX14-L) that encode glycosyltransferase family 43 members proposed to function during xylan backbone elongation. W...

N-Linked protein glycosylation is a very common post-translational modification that can be found in all kingdoms of life. The classical, highly conserved pathway entails the assembly of a lipid-linked oligosaccharide and its transfer to an asparagine residue in the sequon NX(S/T) of a secreted protein by the integral membrane protein oligosaccharyltransferase. A few species in the class of γ-p...

I of glycosyltransferase genes during human evolution is a fundamental cause of differential glycosylation in humans and pigs, resulting in the presence of carbohydrate structures on pig cells that are recognized by natural (preexisting) human antibodies. αGal, the first of these epitopes to be identified, is synthesized by α1,3galactosyltransferase, encoded by theGGTA1 gene. The crucial import...

Glycosyltransferases, the enzymes that build oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, have received much interest in recent years owing to their biological functions and their potential uses in biotechnology. Despite the fact that many glycosyltransferases recognize similar donor or acceptor substrates, there is surprisingly limited sequence identity between different classes. On the one hand, the...

A one-step synthesis of two 5-CF(3) UDP-sugars is reported. These non-natural sugar-nucleotides are micromolar inhibitors of two different galactosyltransferases.

The glycosyltransferase ElmGT from Streptomyces olivaceus is involved in the biosynthesis of the antitumor drug elloramycin, and it has been shown to possess a broad deoxysugar recognition pattern, being able to transfer different l- and d-deoxysugars to 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin C, the elloramycin aglycone. Site-directed mutagenesis in residues L309 and N312, located in the alpha/beta/alpha mo...

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 A. Chakrabarti, A. Surolia (eds.), Biochemical Roles of Eukaryotic Cell Surface Macromolecules, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 842, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_21 Chapter 21 Regulations of Glycolipid: XI. Glycosyltransferase (GSL: GLTs) Genes Involved in SA-LeX and Related GSLs Biosynthesis in Carcinoma Cells by Biosimilar Ap...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces three exopolysaccharides, Psl, Pel, and alginate, that play vital roles in biofilm formation. Pel is a glucose-rich, cellulose-like exopolysaccharide. The essential Pel biosynthesis proteins are encoded by seven genes, pelA to pelG. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that PelF is a cytosolic glycosyltransferase. Here, experimental evidence was provided to support t...