BACKGROUND Deterioration of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a protective carbohydrate-rich layer lining the luminal surface of the endothelium, plays a key role in vascular barrier dysfunction and eventually organ-failure in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. Early detection of glycocalyx damage could thus become an important goal in critical care. This study was designed to ...

To the editor. The viewpoints put forward by both Point (1) and Counterpoint (4) presenters clearly illustrate that there is a potential for recruitment of capillary reserve in muscle during exercise and in response to insulin administration. The question at hand that arises from the Point/Counterpoint discussion is how capillary blood volume can be increased by muscle contractions or insulin (...

BACKGROUND Vascular endothelium is covered by a glycocalyx. Damage to the glycocalyx after systemic inflammation or ischaemia/reperfusion contributes to increased vascular permeability and leucocyte adhesion. The underlying mechanisms leading to ischaemia/reperfusion-induced glycocalyx shedding are incompletely understood, in terms of lack of oxygen, absence of flow, or return of oxygen. METH...

It is sound knowledge in biophysics that a good model for blood is made up of a simple newtonian liquid and one-kind deformable particles [1]. However, such an approach turns to be not enough suitable for a complete description of blood circulation. In vivo observations, in fact, pointed out that red blood cell (RBC) velocity is slower than in in vitro experiments with glass capillary tubes of ...

SARS-CoV-2 was firstly found in bronchoalveloar lavage (BAL) of three suspected COVID-19 patients at Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The cases are still raisingwith2,12% global mortality rate. Hypoxic respiratory failure due to acute distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause death. Endothelial cell damage has an important role pathogenesis ARDS and multi-organ dysfuntion pati...

The endothelial cell glycocalyx influences blood flow and presents a selective barrier to movement of macromolecules from plasma to the endothelial surface. In the hamster cremaster microcirculation, FITC-labeled Dextran 70 and larger molecules are excluded from a region extending almost 0.5 μm from the endothelial surface into the lumen. Red blood cells under normal flow conditions are exclude...

Plasma polymers (PPs) can easily modify material surfaces to improve their bio-applicability due match-made surface-free energy and functionality. However, cell adhesion PPs typically composed of various functional groups has not yet been fully understood. We explain the origin strong resistance trypsin treatment previously noted for nonendothelial cells on amine PPs. It is caused mainly by non...

An electrochemical theory of the glycocalyx surface layer on capillary endothelial cells is developed as a model to study the electrochemical dynamics of anionic molecular transport within capillaries. Combining a constitutive relationship for electrochemical transport, derived from Fick's and Ohm's laws, with the conservation of mass and Gauss's law from electrostatics, a system of three nonli...

Cercariae, the freshwater stage of Schistosoma mansoni infectious to man, are covered by a single unit membrane and an immunogenic glycocalyx. When cercariae penetrate the host skin, they transform to schistosomula by shedding tails, secreting mucous and enzymes, and forming microvilli over their surface. Here the loss of the glycocalyx from cercariae transforming in vitro was studied morpholog...