The intracellular C-terminal domain is diverse in size and amino acid sequence among facilitative glucose transporter isoforms. The characteristics of glucose transport are also divergent, and GLUT2 has far higher Km and Vmax values compared with GLUT1. To investigate the role of the intracellular C-terminal domain in glucose transport, we expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells the mutated GL...

Insulin stimulates glucose transport in fat and muscle cells by regulating delivery of the facilitative glucose transporter, glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4), to the plasma membrane. In the absence of insulin, GLUT4 is sequestered away from the general recycling endosomal pathway into specialized vesicles, referred to as GLUT4-storage vesicles. Understanding the sorting of GLUT4 into this ...

Adipose tissue inflammation is considered an important contributor to insulin resistance. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) is a major downstream target of p38 MAPK and enhances inflammatory processes. In line with the role of MK2 as contributor to inflammation, MK2-/- mice are protected against inflammation in different disease models. Therefore, MK2 is consider...

Previous studies have indicated that 4‑hydroxyisoleucine (4‑HIL) improves insulin resistance, however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the molecular mechanisms underlying how 4‑HIL improves insulin resistance in hepatocytes were examined. HepG2 cells were co‑cultured with insulin and a high glucose concentration to obtain insulin‑resistant (IR) HepG2 cel...

objective(s):in insulin resistance, the insulin action in liver, muscles and adipocytes decreases and result in hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia. in this study we evaluate the effect of zataria multiflora extract on insulin sensitivity in high fructose fed insulin resistant rats, since this extract was shown antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats.   ...

In order to investigate the central effect of alarin on glucose uptake, we administered alarin and/ or its inhibitor, ala6-25Cys into the cerebral ventricles of the type 2 diabetic rats. Then the relative parameters about glucose uptake in skeletal muscles were measured. We found that central treatment with alarin significantly increased the food intake, body weight and glucose infusion rates i...

BACKGROUND In animal studies, diabetes has been shown to induce changes in gene expression of key regulators in cardiac energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that metabolic gene expression in nonischemic failing hearts of diabetic patients differs from that in nonischemic failing hearts of nondiabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Left ventr...

Background & Aims: Type 1 diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by the immune system. Hitherto, no definite treatment has been found for this condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that have the ability to differentiate into mesodermal tissues. This ability has attracted the attention...

We have studied the biochemical mechanism of insulin action on glucose transport in the rat adipocyte. Plasma membranes and low-density microsomes were prepared by differential ultracentrifugation of basal and insulin-stimulated cells. The photochemical cross-linking agent hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate was used to covalently bind [3H]cytochalasin B to the glucose transporter which migrate...