BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Codeine-containing cough syrups have become one of the most popular drugs of abuse in young people in the world. Chronic codeine-containing cough syrup abuse is related to impairments in a broad range of cognitive functions. However, the potential brain white matter impairment caused by chronic codeine-containing cough syrup abuse has not been reported previously. Our aim...

The recent article by Montonen et al. (1) fails to demonstrate that a higher intake of fructose, glucose, and sweetened beverages (but not sucrose) may increase type 2 diabetes risk because 1) the authors do not acknowledge the fundamental compositional and metabolic similarities between monosaccharide (fructose 1 glucose) and disaccharide sucrose, and 2) their conclusion regarding diabetes ris...

One of the most practical means of measuring this important variable is by the temperature of the boiling syrup at a known absolute pressure or by reference to the temperature of water boiling at the same pressure. The so-called “Boiling Point Elevation” or “BPE” has long been used for this purpose. A considerable amount of care must be exercised in making the temperature measurements if they a...

Organic brown rice syrup (OBRS) is a sweetener frequently used as an alternative to high-fructose corn syrup in organic and health food products. In a study of children’s foods, a team of researchers discovered high levels of arsenic in toddler formula products that contained OBRS. Given evidence that arsenic accumulates in rice at high levels, the researchers suspected OBRS was the source of t...

There is a widespread interest in the commercial application of D-glucose-isomerase for the large-scale conversion of D-glucose into fructose-containing syrups[ ]. As such, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method for the routine analysis of glucose-isomerising activity in fermentation broths. The analytical methods currently in use include the incubation of the enzyme preparation with a...

Dextromethorphan, or DXM (aka, Orange crush, Red Devils, Triple C's, Skittles, Dex) is a cough suppressant found in many over-the-counter and some prescription cough, cold, and allergy preparations, available in a variety of forms (e.g., gelcaps, syrups). DXM works directly on the brain to suppress coughing. When used according to package directions and/or as directed by a health care provider,...

The industrial finishing side-stream (FSS) of premium-quality Corinthian currants was used to produce syrups with/without pigment- and tartrate-reduction treatments. chemical composition, total titratable acidity (TTA; % w/w as tartaric acid), volatile (VA; acetic phenolic content (TPC; gallic acid, GA), antioxidant capacity (AC; ascorbic AA), volatilome (SPME GC-MS), sensory properties, microb...