Economic theory distinguishes two concepts of utility: decision utility, objectively quantifiable by choices, and experienced utility, referring to the satisfaction by an obtainment. To date, experienced utility is typically measured with subjective ratings. This study intended to quantify experienced utility by global levels of neuronal activity. Neuronal activity was measured by means of elec...

The present study investigates teacher's attitudes about rewards in the classroom. A sample of elementary teachers was surveyed to examine how rewards were used with their students. Teacher's attitudes about rewards were also measured. Results indicated that all teachers in the sample use some kind of reward in their classroom. The majority of teachers thought that rewards can help increase par...

Making predictions about future rewards is an important ability for primates, and its neurophysiological mechanisms have been studied extensively. One important approach is to identify neural systems that process errors related to reward prediction (i.e., areas that register the occurrence of unpredicted rewards and the failure of expected rewards). In monkeys that have learned to predict appet...

The previous literature has demonstrated that countries’ regulative contexts positively influence voluntary corporate carbon disclosures. However, little research been conducted into the relationship between different components of dimension institutions and disclosure. Drawing on theoretical framework New Institutional Sociology (NIS), this study examines context (rules; monitoring mechanisms ...

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of rewards on the participation and how rewards affect the networking behavior in communities of practice (CoP), in order to explore if rewards can help to foster the growth of CoPs. Four communities of practice, of which one was administered rewards to, were compared from November 2010 to January 2012. The timeframe consisted of a five...

The authors give an overview of how various video game reward systems provide positive experiences to players, and propose classifications for rewards and reward characteristics for further analysis. We also discuss what reward systems encourage players to do, and describe how they provide fun even before players receive their rewards. Next, we describe how game reward systems can be used to mo...

In previous studies, researchers have found that humans discount delayed rewards orders of magnitude less steeply than do other animals. Humans also discount smaller delayed reward amounts more steeply than larger amounts, whereas animals apparently do not. These differences between humans and animals might reflect differences in the types of rewards studied and/or the fact that animals actuall...

In this paper we extend a performance measure sensitive Markovian bisimulation congruence based on yield and bonus rewards that has been previously defined in the literature, in order to aggregate more states and transitions while preserving compositionality and the values of the performance measures. The extension is twofold. First, we show how to define a performance measure sensitive Markovi...

In a competitive business environment, the concept of rewards and employee motivation has become a popular point of discussion in many successful organisations. Companies need to review their reward systems in order to improve employee motivation, increase performance and stay competitive. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the role that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards play in...

Payment card rewards programs have become increasingly popular in the United States. Nearly all large credit card issuers offer rewards to customers for using their cards, as do more than a third of depository institutions for using debit cards. Recent surveys suggest that many consumers now receive rewards. And rewards are becoming more generous and diversified, ranging from 5 percent cash-bac...