The purpose of this contribution is to improve our knowledge about the time course of visual and auditory perception with regard to the representation of sound types as different in their phenomenological format as vowels and glides. Our results on the perception of Vowel-to-Vowel gesture via the production of epenthetic glides in between – according to our 2-COMP-Vowel Model – allow us to conc...

The ookinete is a motile stage in the malaria life cycle which forms in the mosquito blood meal from the zygote. Ookinetes use an acto-myosin motor to glide towards and penetrate the midgut wall to establish infection in the vector. The regulation of gliding motility is poorly understood. Through genetic interaction studies we here describe a signalling module that identifies guanosine 3', 5'-c...

Aquatic animals use a variety of strategies to reduce the energetic cost of locomotion. Efficient locomotion is particularly important for breath-holding divers because high levels of exercise may quickly deplete oxygen reserves, leading to the termination of a dive. We investigated the swimming behavior of eight adult Weddell seals, which are proficient divers, in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. A ...

Gliding motility in Myxococcus xanthus is powered by flagella stator homologs that move in helical trajectories using proton motive force. The Frz chemosensory pathway regulates the cell polarity axis through MglA, a Ras family GTPase; however, little is known about how MglA establishes the polarity of gliding, because the gliding motors move simultaneously in opposite directions. Here we exami...

Despite the high prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome, the quality of clinical practice guidelines is poor and non-invasive treatment modalities are often poorly documented. The aim of this cadaveric biomechanical study was to measure longitudinal excursion and strain in the median and ulnar nerve at the wrist and proximal to the elbow during different types of nerve...

Mycoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria considered among the smallest and simplest prokaryotes known, and yet several species including Mycoplasma pneumoniae have a remarkably complex cellular organization highlighted by the presence of a differentiated terminal organelle, a membrane-bound cell extension distinguished by an electron-dense core. Adhesin proteins localize specifically to the term...

Airspeeds in flapping and flap-gliding flight were measured at Foula, Shetland for three species of auks (Alcidae), three gulls (Landae), two skuas (Stercorariidae), the fulmar (Procellariidae), the gannet (Sulidae) and the shag (Phalacrocoracidae). The airspeed distributions were consistent with calculated speeds for minimum power and maximum range, except that observed speeds in the shag were...

Mycoplasma gallisepticum, the most pathogenic mycoplasma in poultry, is able to glide over solid surfaces. Although this gliding motility was first observed in 1968, no specific protein has yet been shown to be involved in gliding. We examined M. gallisepticum strains and clonal variants for motility and found that the cytadherence proteins GapA and CrmA were required for gliding. Loss of GapA ...

Background and purpose: There is lack of definite evidence indicating an effective treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has long been used as one of the conservative treatments for CTS. On contrast, nerve gliding exercises have been introduced recently as a physical modality in treating patients with entrapment neuropathies. The purpse of this study was to ...

An exercise program for tendon gliding is introduced for use in hand treatment and rehabilitation. The program incorporates thumb range of motion and three basic fist positions: book, fist, and straight fist. The anatomic and experimental basis of this program is discussed. The exercises allow the flexor tendons to glide to their maximum potential and can greatly facilitate therapeutic activiti...