In the present paper we study some geometric objects and constructions related to groupoids of matrix subalgebras in a fixed matrix algebra. 1. The definition of groupoids In this paper we will freely use the notation from [3]. First recall some definitions and constructions [3]. 1.1. Groupoids Gk, l. Let Mkl(C) be the complex matrix algebra. Unital ∗-subalgebras isomorphic Mk(C) in some unital...

Background: The German National Competence-Based Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM) being adopted in 2015 is designed to contribute to improve the quality of teaching and learning in medicine with respect to competence orientation. For departments, the coherence between teaching, assessment and the content of the catalogues of exam-relevant topics (GK) is a crucial f...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ileal interposition (IT) on glucose and insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), and the role of T-cell factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), formerly known as TCF4, in the downregulation of hyperglycemia following IT. Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats subjected to IT surgery (GK-IT group), GK rats subjected to sham surgery (GK-Sham group) an...

The study aims to characterize age-associated changes in skeletal muscle bioenergetics by evaluating the response to ischemia-reperfusion in the skeletal muscle of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a rat model of non-obese type 2 diabetes (T2D). (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI was performed on the hindlimb of young (12 weeks) and adult (20 week...

Pre-existing diabetes increases the risk of maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy, which may be due to underlying maternal vascular dysfunction and impaired blood supply to the uteroplacental unit. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to nitric oxide (NO) are common vascular impairments in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that uterine arter...

BACKGROUNDThe response of cystic brain metastases (BMets) to radiotherapy is poorly understood, with conflicting results regarding local control (LC), overall survival, and treatment-related toxicity. This study aims examine the role Gamma Knife (GK) in managing BMets.METHODSVolumetric analysis was conducted measure tumor edema volume at time GK follow-up MRI studies. Survival described using K...

Abstract BACKGROUND The response of cystic brain metastases (BMets) to radiotherapy is poorly understood, with conflicting results regarding local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related toxicity. This study aims examine the role Gamma Knife (GK) in managing BMets. METHODS Volumetric analysis was conducted measure tumor edema volume at time GK follow-up MRI studies. We evalua...

Exon II of glucokinase (Gk) was deleted to produce a systemic heterozygous Gk knockout (Gk(+/-)) mouse. The relative expression levels of Gk in the heart, lung, liver, stomach, and pancreas in Gk(+/-) mice ranged from 0.41-0.68 versus that in wild (Gk(+/+)) mice. On the other hand, its expression levels in the brain, adipose tissue, and muscle ranged from 0.95-1.03, and its expression levels in...

GK (glucokinase) is an enzyme central to glucose metabolism that displays positive co-operativity to substrate glucose. Small-molecule GKAs (GK activators) modulate GK catalytic activity and glucose affinity and are currently being pursued as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes. GK progress curves monitoring product formation are linear up to 1 mM glucose, but biphasic at 5 mM, with the transition ...

Glucokinase (GK) gene mutations cause diabetes mellitus in both humans and mouse models, but the pathophysiological basis is only partially defined. We have used cre-loxP technology in combination with gene targeting to perform global, beta cell-, and hepatocyte-specific gene knock-outs of this enzyme in mice. Gene targeting was used to create a triple-loxed gk allele, which was converted by pa...