Whereas ghrelin is produced primarily in the stomach, a small amount of it is produced in pancreatic islets. Although exogenous administration of ghrelin suppresses insulin secretion in vitro or in vivo, the role of intraislet ghrelin in the regulation of insulin secretion in vivo remains unclear. To understand the physiological role of intraislet ghrelin in insulin secretion and glucose metabo...

Background: Development of relative insulin resistance during pregnancy is a normal physiologic change related to placental lactogen and pregnancy-associated elevated lipid concentrations. Several studies have investigated the role of tissue response, tyrosine kinase insulin receptor phosphorylation, and other cytokines that might contribute to development of such resistance. In this study, we ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate interactions among leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, and proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] in nonmorbid and morbid obesity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We measured these hormones by immunoenzyme or radiometric assays in 117 nonmorbid and 57 morbidly obese patients, and in a subgroup of 34 morbidly obese pa...

Objective: Obesity and its complications including metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been increased in children and adolescents recently. Leptin is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin and Insulin resistance in the development of metabolic syndrome in obese persons. Methods: this study w...

The gastric hormone ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), are expressed in pancreas. Here, we report that ghrelin is released from pancreatic islets to regulate glucose-induced insulin release. Plasma concentrations of ghrelin, as well as insulin, were higher in pancreatic veins than in arteries. GHSR antagonist and immunoneutralization of endogenous ghrelin enh...

INTRODUCTION A high percentage of patients benefit from bariatric procedures in terms of metabolic effect and substantial body mass reduction. These procedures improve glucose metabolism leading to the amelioration or complete resolution of type 2 diabetes, reduction of insulin resistance and alleviation of metabolic syndrome effects. AIM To assess the impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectom...

Accumulating evidence indicates that ghrelin plays a role in regulating food intake and energy homeostasis. In normal subjects, circulating ghrelin concentrations decrease after meal ingestion and increase progressively before meals. At present, it is not clear whether nutrients suppress the plasma ghrelin concentration directly or indirectly by stimulating insulin secretion. To test the hypoth...

Energy balance in mammals is modulated by peripheral signals that inform the brain about the magnitude of fat stores, the amount of food in the gastrointestinal tract, and the level of nutrients such as glucose in the circulation. Among these, insulin and leptin are considered adiposity signals involved in the long-term maintenance of fat stores. Here we review the mechanisms of action of lepti...

BACKGROUND Ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide, is effective in control of appetite and body weight. Acylated ghrelin peptide is the active form of this peptide which plays a major role in the body's energy balance. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the possible effect (s) of intensive resistance exercise on acylated ghrelin, growth hormone, glucose, insulin, and cortisol plasma levels....

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is often associated with decreased upper gastrointestinal motility, and ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone known to increase gastrointestinal motility. We investigated whether ghrelin signaling is impaired in rats with GERD and studied its involvement in upper gastrointestinal motility. GERD was induced surgically in Wistar rats. Rats were injected...