We tested whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) could be differentiated from HIV-2 by a reverse transcriptase (RT)-typing assay that measured the reduction of enzyme activity owing to specific antibody. RT-inhibiting antibody was examined for HIV type specificity by a new nonradioisotopic RT assay. Antibodies from four rabbits immunized with recombinant HIV-1 RT and from 23 HIV-1-...

Aging is a major risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Growth hormone (GH) and its anabolic mediator, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, decrease with advancing age and this decline has been shown to promote vascular dysfunction. In addition, lower GH/IGF-1 levels are associated with higher stroke mortality in humans. These results suggest that decreased GH/IGF-1 level is an important facto...

A single 30-s sprint is a potent physiological stimulus for growth hormone (GH) release. However, repeated bouts of sprinting attenuate the GH response, possibly due to negative feedback via elevated systemic free fatty acids (FFA). The aim of the study was to use nicotinic acid (NA) to suppress lipolysis to investigate whether serum FFA can modulate the GH response to exercise. Seven nonobese,...

To examine whether growth hormone (GH) induces peripheral insulin resistance by altering plasma free fatty acid (FFA) or insulin levels, the effects of GH infusion on insulin-stimulated glucose fluxes were studied in conscious rats under two protocols. In study 1, either saline ( n = 7) or human recombinant GH (21 μg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ h-1; n = 8) was infused for 300 min, and insulin-stimulated glucose f...

Communications between the endocrine, immune systems and the liver have been postulated. The liver is the central organ in growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF) axis. Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to liver problems. Although proinflammatory cytokines are an integral part of inflammation in chronic liver diseases, their involvement in mediating hepatic GH resistanc...

Studies with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive towards the presumptive rabbit liver growth-hormone (GH) receptor show that the rabbit serum GH-binding proteins share seven antigenic determinants (three at the hormone-binding site and four located elsewhere) with the liver cytosolic GH-binding proteins and the putative GH 'receptors' associated with the hepatocyte membrane. The ra...

GH exerts adipogenic activity in several preadipocyte cell lines, whereas in primary rat preadipocytes, GH has an antiadipogenic activity. To better understand the molecular mechanism involved in adipocyte differentiation, the expression of adipocyte-specific genes was analyzed in differentiating preadipocytes in response to GH. We found that the expression of both adipocyte determination and d...

Phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase is involved in insulin-mediated effects on glucose uptake, lipid deposition, and adiponectin secretion from adipocytes. Genetic disruption of the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase increases insulin sensitivity, whereas elevated p85alpha levels are associated with insulin resistance through PI 3-kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Adipose tissue ...

Growth hormone (GH) responses to growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in 17 diabetic patients. Ten patients (group 1) had retinopathy corresponding to stage III-V (Scott's classification), and the remaining seven patients (group 2) had no retinopathy despite longer duration of diabetes in comparison with the patients in group 1. There were ...

Sequence polymorphisms in the growth hormone (GH) gene and its transcriptional regulators, Pit-1 and Prop-1, were evaluated for associations with growth and carcass traits in two populations of Brangus bulls Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC, N = 248 from 14 sires) and a cooperating breeding program (COOP, N = 186 from 34 sires). Polymorphisms were SNP mutations in intron 4 (C/...