[1] Recent advances in the compilation of the climate science databases, derived from observations and model simulations, help in estimating trends and variability of current and past atmospheric conditions. However, an exponential increase in the amount of information limits its comprehension. In this paper we present a simple diagnostic, named as “volume variability”, that allows for analysis...

Accurate knowledge of Antarctica’s topography, bedrock, and ice sheet thickness is pivotal for climate change and geoscience research. Building on recent significant progress made in satellite gravity mapping with European Space Agency’s Gravity field and Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission, we here reverse the widely used approach of validating satellite gravity with topography and inste...

Commonly used horizontal diffusion and wavenumber truncation dealiasing methods in spectral models are verified using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model version 3. For the same horizontal grid resolution, time step, physical processes, boundary conditions, and initial conditions, the simulated climate, using the horizontal diffusion alone model, is better than ...

Recent research has used enstrophy-based diagnostics to identify the development and dissipation stages of blocking events. These previous studies made use of reanalysis data sets in the calculations of the enstrophy-based diagnostics, such as the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (2.5× 2.5) of geopotential height and horizontal winds. However, none of these studies has explored the use of the enstrophy-bas...

The geopotential height (GPH) product created from global observations by the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) instrument on NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura spacecraft is discussed. The accuracy, resolution and precision of the HIRDLS version 7 algorithms are assessed and data screening recommendations are made. Comparisons with GPH from observations, reanalyses and model...

The leading mode of the singular value decomposition (SVD) geopotential height (GPH) and boundary layer structure index (BLSI).

Cross-validated likelihood is investigated as a tool for automatically determining the appropriate number of components (given the data) in finite mixture modeling, particularly in the context of model-based probabilistic clustering. The conceptual framework for the cross-validation approach to model selection is straightforward in the sense that models are judged directly on their estimated ou...

Three types of spherical splines are presented as developed in the recent literature on constructive approximation, with a particular view towards global (and local) geopotential modeling. These are the tensor-product splines formed from polynomial and trigonometric B-splines, the spherical splines constructed from radial basis functions, and the spherical splines based on homogeneous Bernstein...