the caspian basin in its old geopolitical situation under the soviet :union: was located in the buffer zone between two spheres of influence of the two superpowers. after the fall of the soviet :union: followed by the rise of new structures and three new states in the region, new relations, however, prevailed among the areas of geography, power and politics in the region. these new relations in...

This study focused on decentralization and democratic local government in Cross River State, Nigeria. Sample size of 900 was adopted for the purpose of the study. Stratified random sampling was used in the study. Stratification was done on the basis of geopolitical zone, political party affiliation and educational status of the respondents. 900 political party members evenly distributed (300 ap...

The neoliberal international order is facing a variety of pressing obstacles. One the most contentious issues emergence new Asian regionalism, which has been driven by rising economic power region and integration based on Association Southeast Nations (ASEAN) Plus Six framework. legalization ASEAN way propelled New Regional Economic Order (NREO), reinforces trade-development nexus alternative t...

Historically STI policy is connected to national security and the military. Yet, contemporary innovation rarely discussed in a context. This perspective argues that new, transformation-oriented policies should more explicitly consider (a) side-effects of on global (b) how context influences achievement transitions. need further extrapolated by current period rapid major shifts landscape. The su...

Ongoing geopolitical developments regarding Russia and Ukraine have resulted in discussions about the utility of sanctions. This article analyzes European Union (EU) sanctions on following annexation Crimea by investigating whether EU-Russia oil gas trade relations compromised efficacy restrictions. It thus argues that EU did not sanction Russian due to reliance these resources. However, absenc...

termination of the cold war was followed by considerable developments in international relations, including the emergence and gradual empowerment of new political actors. china was one of these actors whose process of empowerment, which actually started many years before the end of the cold war, has drawn attention from many analysts. central asia is one of the regions with which china has had ...

since 2011, the region has been a profound socio-economic changes originated from n tunisia, & spread to middle eastern and the former power structures affected. the management and direction to these uprisings is the key question of this paper. the key question, is the foreign policy of the islamic republic of iran how answer to these middle east public uprisings in the years 2011-2014?the answ...