The Neoproterozoic era was arguably the most revolutionary in Earth history. Extending from 1000 to 541 million years ago, it stands at the intersection of the two great tracts of evolutionary time: on the one side, some three billion years of pervasively microbial 'Precambrian' life, and on the other the modern 'Phanerozoic' biosphere with its extraordinary diversity of large multicellular org...

Complexities of geological processes portrayed as certain feature in a map (e.g., faults) are natural sources of uncertainties in decision-making for exploration of mineral deposits. Besides natural sources of uncertainties, knowledge-driven (e.g., fuzzy logic) mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) is also plagued and incurs further uncertainty in subjective judgment of analyst when there is no r...

Elena Nilsen, U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division Robert Rosenbauer, U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division Edward Furlong, U.S. Geological Survey, Methods Research and Development Program Mark Burkhardt, U.S. Geological Survey, Methods Research and Development Program Stephen Werner, U.S. Geological Survey, Methods Research and Development Program Lisa Greaser, U.S. Geological Survey,...

A matching pursuit technique in conjunction with an imaging method is used to obtain quantitative information on geological records from seismic data. The technique is based on a greedy, non-linear search algorithm decomposing data into atoms. These atoms are drawn from a redundant dictionary of seismic waveforms. Fractional splines are used to define this dictionary, whose elements are not onl...

AASG/USGS Geologic Map Data Model Committee* Gary Raines, Chairman, US Geological Survey, [email protected] Boyan Brodaric, Geological Survey of Canada, [email protected] Jim Cobb, Kentucky Geological Survey, [email protected] Ralph Haugerud, US Geological Survey, [email protected] Greg Hermann, New Jersey Geological Survey, [email protected] Bruce Johnson,...

3D modeling method is divided into geospatial modeling and 3D geological modeling. 3D geological modeling technique has become a favorable tool for people to observe and analyze the geological body enriched in mineral resources. Unlike geospatial modeling, 3D geological modeling must consider various geological conditions affecting spatial shape and petrophysical distribution of geological body...

Geology is a complex, semantically rich domain involving the interpretation of geological maps as external visualizations. Geological maps are complex in particular because 3-dimensional features must be inferred from 2-dimensional representations depicted by differing line types and weights. Modeling building, as an internal mental activity, is also required in order to achieve deep understand...

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) can provide crucial information on the molecular structure of organic and inorganic components and has been used extensively for chemical characterization of geological samples in the past few decades. In this paper, recent applications of FTIR in the geological sciences are reviewed. Particularly, its use in the characterization of geochemistry an...

The geological sciences are challenged to manage and interpret increasing volumes of data as observations and simulations increase in size and complexity. For example, simulations of earthquake-related processes typically generate complex, time-varying data sets in two or more dimensions. To facilitate interpretation and analysis of these data sets, evaluate the underlying models, and to drive ...