Environmental models and modeling frameworks typically do not represent geographic information in a way that enables the direct translation of this information between geographic information systems (GIS) and the model or modeling framework. Parameters of the characteristics of geographic features are processed as part of a model’s mathematical solution and are thus explicitly represented in th...

Geographic information systems (GIS) and analyses based on GIS have become widespread and well accepted. GIS is not the complete solution to understanding the distribution of disease and the problems of public health but is an important way in which to better illuminate how humans interact with their environment to create or deter health.

conclusions according to the average of wqi index, quality of water was good in station number one, medium in station number two, and bad in the rest of stations. according to the wilcox index, qualities of water in third station were medium and in the rest were good. results by using wqi, the best water quality was reported in station number one with the scalar quantity of 71.11 (water with be...

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This paper addresses data modeling problems inherent in the use of geographic information systems (GIS) that are not adequately covered by traditional modeling techniques. GIS technology has only recently begun to be used for traditional system development by large numbers of organizations and there are few procedures for modeling GIS data and applications in a business context. This circumstan...

Even though the potential ability of Geographic Information System (GIS) as decision support for business activities has been widely recognized, the topic of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has received little attention in the business literature. Spatial database systems provide the underlying database technology for Geographic Information Systems and other applications. Modeling spatial ...

Geographic information science is currently characterized by a paradigm shift – from theories for monolithic systems to theories for open and distributed GIS and their use processes. With this comes a move from standardized data formats to specifications of geographic information (GI) service interfaces [1, 2]. In practice, the number of GI services available on the web is rapidly and continual...

This paper introduces the characteristics of Geography Information System (GIS) and the actuality and assignment of environmental monitoring. The authors expound GIS applications in ecological monitoring, water monitoring, air monitoring and environmental noise monitoring, then illuminate the vital role of GIS in environmental protection. GIS is the computer information system that can collect,...

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computer-based tools used to collect, store, manipulate and display spatially-referenced information. They are used to support decision-making in a wide variety of contexts, including spatial planning and environmental management. Because the process of GIS production, from software development to visualization of GIS output, is characterized by politica...

Introduction Geographic information systems (GIS) are not exactly new to the social sciences—the UK's Economic and Social Research Council funded a network of GIS-based laboratories at UK universities in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the U.S. National Science Foundation's Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences funded the National Center for Geographic Information and An...