A chord diagram consists of a circle, called the backbone, with line segments, called chords, whose endpoints are attached to distinct points on the circle. The genus of a chord diagram is the genus of the orientable surface obtained by thickening the backbone to an annulus and attaching bands to the inner boundary circle at the ends of each chord. Variations of this construction are considered...

Four rust raxa in 3 genera and one form genus are newly recorded for Iran. Among these, Melampsoridium is a new genus for the Iranian rust flora. M. carpini on Carpinus sp., Coleosporium inulae on Inula salicina ssp. aspera, Puccinia saniculae on Sanicula europea and Uredo Otostegiae on otostegia persica are repoted for the first time in Iran. Number of urediniospore pores formerly believed 2 i...

In the study of chironomids in Armenia several species of Orthocladiinae subfamily of Cricotopus genus, Diamesinae subfamily of Diamesa genus, and Chironominae subfamily of Chironomus genus, have been identified. In the Cricotopus genus two sibling species were found, not distinguishable by larval morphological features, but clearly distinct cytogenetically. Keywords—Armenia, Chironomidae, kary...

CF-graphs form a class of multigraphs that contains all simple graphs. We prove a lower bound for the average genus of a CF-graph which is a linear function of its Betti number. A lower bound for average genus in terms of the maximum genus and some structure theorems for graphs with a given average genus are also provided.

annina mesopotamica (ahmed, 1971), from iraq (shat-al-arab river bank, basrah) is redescribed. a. mesopotamica can be distinguished from other species of the genus in having a pair of short and blunt dorso-lateral horns on the male pereonite 2. a revised generic diagnosis is provided for the genus annina.

the genus phaneroserphus pschorn–walcher, 1958 is recorded for the first time from iran and its allied species, phaneroserphus punctibasis townes, 1981 is recorded from west palaearctic region for the first time. the specimens were collected from mazandaran province during 2011 using malaise traps. diagnostic characters and geographical distribution of the newly recorded genus and species is br...

The genus Silene, with more than 100 species in Iran is an important genus of Iranian flora. According to available data on the northwestern parts of Iran, including three provinces of Ardabil, East and West Azarbaijan are considered as a major diversity center of perennial species of the genus Silene in Iran. In the course of a revision of Silene in this area, some interesting specimens were c...

The genus is distributed throughout the Old World and the Americas, with three distinct regions of diversity: Central and shake the limbs and topic in folk medicine. South America (approx. 500 species), Central Asia and Mediterranean (250 species), Eastern Asia (90 species)various species of the genus salvia are used as Disinfectants, Epileptics Autodigestion, Reduce blood sugar donor, Carminat...

A review of the Croatian and Serbian Tetrigidae is given and first records of Tetrix undulata (Sowerby, 1806) for Croatia and Serbia as well as Tetrix tuerki (Krauss, 1876) and Tetrix transsylvanica (Bazyluk & Kis, 1960) comb. nov. for Croatia are presented. The status of the genus Uvarovitettix Bazyluk & Kis, 1960 and the taxonomic position of T. transsylvanica comb. nov. are discussed. The ge...