In order to study the epidemiology of Salmonella Enteritidis outbreaks and determine the source of contamination so that a recurrence can be avoided, detailed characterization is necessary. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify whether rep-PCR was able to discriminate among Salmonella Enteritidis isolates. Phage typing, detection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance testing w...

Background Several studies have shown that detectable levels of HIV are observed in semen in spite of undetectable viral load in blood following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Also, different HIV variants have been detected in blood and semen of the same individual, suggesting that drugs may not be uniformly effective to control the viral load and infectivity in different tissues and secretions,...

Rod-cone dystrophy, also known as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), is the most common inherited degenerative photoreceptor disease, for which no therapy is currently available. The P23H rat is one of the most commonly used autosomal dominant RP models. It has been created by incorporation of a mutated mouse rhodopsin (Rho) transgene in the wild-type (WT) Sprague Dawley rat. Detailed genetic character...

This study aims to characterize the presence of virulence factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causing traveler's diarrhea. Among 52 ETEC isolates, the most common toxin type was STh, and the most frequent colonization factors (CFs) were CS21, CS6, and CS3. On the other hand, the nonclassical virulence factors EAST1 and EatA were frequently present.

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious and economically important disease of chickens. In India, IB vaccinations are carried out using vaccines belonging only to the Massachusetts 41 (Ma41) serotype. However, the vaccine strain used may not always be protective and it becomes necessary to continuously monitor the viruses causing disease. There has been anecdotal evidence of I...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an epidemiologically important bacterial pathogen. Recently, we reported the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of a limited collection of pneumococcal isolates in Malaysia with a high prevalence of erythromycin resistant strains. In the present study, 55 of the pneumococcal isolates of serotype 19F were further analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and...

Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MnB) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis; however, MnB is most commonly associated with asymptomatic carriage in the nasopharyngeal cavity, as opposed to the disease state. Two vaccines are now licensed for the prevention of MnB disease; a possible additional benefit of these vaccines could be to protect against disease indirectly by disrupting nasopha...

BACKGROUND Cherubism is an uncommon hereditary benign fibro-osseous disorder characterized by bilateral enlargement of the mandible and the maxilla that presents with varying degrees of involvement and a tendency toward spontaneous remission. On radiography cherubic lesions appear as cystic multilocular radiolucencies limited to the jaw bones. CASE REPORT A 5-year-old boy was referred to the ...

Group A rotavirus has been recognized as the major etiological agent of diarrhoea in calves, which leads to heavy economic loss to dairy farmers. The present study was done to estimate the prevalence along with genotypic characterization of group A rotavirus circulating in dairy herds of Punjab. A total of 198 faecal samples of cow calves were analyzed from April 2012 to March 2013 in Ludhiana ...

Bovine mastitis caused by multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a huge problem reported worldwide, resulting in prolonged antibiotic treatment and death of livestock. The current study is focused on surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility along with genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the pathogenic S. aureus strains causing mastitis in India. One hundred and sixty seven milk ...