Reproductive tract malformations are rare in general population but are commonly encountered in women with infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. Obstructive anomalies present around menarche causing extreme pain and adversely affecting the life of the young women. The clinical signs, symptoms and reproductive problems depend on the anatomic distortions, which may range from congenital absen...

Currarino syndrome is a rare congenital malformation characterised by the triad of: an anorectal malformation, sacral bony defect and presacral mass. One but possible anal canal duplication, anomaly which not only most distal also rarest form of digestive tract duplication. We present case four-year-old female who had complete including

male urogenital tract infection plays an important role in men infertility. asymptomatic bacteriospermia has been paid attention as a major cause of male infertility. the aim of this study was to microbiological investigation of semen sample of infertile men attending to infertility clinic and evaluation of the effects of bacteriospermia on semen quality. eighty eight infertile men were evaluat...

background female circumcision, sexual amputation, or female genital mutilation (fgm) is an action existing in some cultures and regions of the world. for instance, in africa and some little communities in middle east use this operation for many reasons. this operation is forbidden in those countries and is never linked to religious attitudes. objectives the purpose of the following research wa...

BACKGROUND Little information is available about idiosyncratic historical details provided by sexually abused girls, yet this information can help medical professionals diagnose sexual abuse. OBJECTIVES Our goals were to describe types and frequencies of urogenital symptoms/signs reported by girls who disclosed direct genital contact and to explore factors associated with this reporting. ME...

vascular lesions rise from abnormalities in blood vessels or endothelial proliferation . capillary hemangiomas are formed by small capillaries surrounded by a layer of endothelial cells in a connective tissue stroma . various treatments are used for these conditions like excisional surgery , sclerotherapy, and recently laser irradiation. in this case study, we report successful treatment of int...

venous malformations are the most common form of symptomatic vascular malformations. vm s could classify into low-flow lesions (vms) and high-flow lesions (avms). for low-flow venous lesions, direct percutaneous puncture with injection of sclerosing agents (sclerotherapy) has been described as a successful therapy. in this article, we want to introduce a patient who treated with ethanol sclerot...

mothers exposed to antiepileptic drugs (aeds) are at high risk to born babies with orofacial malformations such as cleft lips. about 9 percent of congenital abnormalities in babies of mothers with epilepsy relates to orofacial abnormalities. maintaining safe antiepileptic drugs for millions of mothers with epilepsy is very important. researches show that new aeds have less side effects than the...