Upon activation the human bradykinin B(2) receptor (B(2)R) acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the G proteins G(q/11) and G(i). Thereafter, it gets phosphorylated by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and recruits β-arrestins, which block further G protein activation and promote B(2)R internalization via clathrin-coated pits. As for most G protein-coupled receptors of family A...

P roteins are 30% -helices, which, together with -sheets and loops, self-assemble into specific topological arrangements that make biologically active 3dimensional structures. The -helix has another important feature: it is capable of folding autonomously (1). Despite the apparently simpler structure, -helix formation is governed by the same physical principles as protein folding, and recruits ...

Globally, smart city initiatives are becoming increasingly ubiquitous elements of complex, sociotechnical urban systems. While there is general agreement that cities cannot be without citizen involvement, the motivations, means, and mechanisms for engaging citizens remain contested. In response, this article asks what role in two recently established districts within wider Smart Dublin programm...

The RNA polymerase (pol) II general transcription factor TFIIF functions at several steps in transcription initiation including preinitiation complex (PIC) formation and start site selection. We find that two structured TFIIF domains bind Pol II at separate locations far from the active site with the TFIIF dimerization domain on the Pol II lobe and the winged helix domain of the TFIIF small sub...

We have addressed the distribution and abundance of 75 transcription factor (TF) families in complete genomes from 90 different bacterial and archaeal species. We found that the proportion of TFs increases with genome size. The deficit of TFs in some genomes might be compensated by the presence of proteins organizing and compacting DNA, such as histone-like proteins. Nine families are represent...

While much is known about different allosteric regulation mechanisms, the nature of signal and time scale on which it propagates remains elusive. The PDZ3 domain from postsynaptic density-95 protein a small with terminal third ?-helix, i.e., ?3-helix, to be allosterically active. By cross-linking helix an azobenzene moiety, we obtained photocontrollable variant. Photoswitching triggers its tran...