The appearance of a broken supersymmetric U(1) gauge factor at the TeV scale is relevant for several reasons. If it truly exists, then one important consequence is that at the 100 GeV energy scale, the two-doublet Higgs structure is of a more general form than that of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). This is a prime example of tree-level nondecoupling. Furthermore, a particular...

The accuracy of brackets placement is a key factor in successful orthodontic therapy. An in vitro study was conducted in ten models from a natural maxillary teeth model in order to compare the accuracy of brackets placement between two direct bonding instruments: the pole-like Bracket Positioning Gauge and the star-like Bracket Positioning Gauge. Our results have shown that: the star-like Brack...

The gauge symmetry inherent in Maxwell's electromagnetics has a profound impact on modern physics. Following the successful quantization of electromagnetics and other higher order gauge field theories, the gauge principle has been applied in various forms to quantize gravity. A notable development in this direction is loop quantum gravity based on the spin-gauge treatment. This paper considers ...

abstract precipitation as the most important factor plays the main role in many application researches which are based on climatic parameters. many researches in the field of hydrology, hydrometeorology and agriculture employs rain-gauges (such as synoptic and climatologic stations) data. precipitation characteristics, such as rainfall intensity and duration, usually exhibit significant spatial...

r a 200 .007 : +886 2 tu.edu.t Summary We investigated the effectiveness of combining gauge observations and satellite-derived precipitation on flood forecasting. Two data merging processes were proposed: the first one assumes that the individual precipitation measurement is non-bias, while the second process assumes that each precipitation source is biased and both weighting factor and bias pa...

In the loop space formalism for gauge theories the fields depend more on the paths rather than on spacetime points. The fundamental quantity that arises from this path-dependent approach is the non-integrable phase factor that represents a gauge field more adequately than the field strength does. In this approach, electromagnetism, for example, is a gauge-invariant manifestation of the non-inte...

Abstract The linearisation of a second-order formulation the conformal Einstein field equations (CEFEs) in Generalised Harmonic Gauge (GHG), with trace-free matter is derived. linearised are obtained for general background and then particularised study linear perturbations around flat —the inversion (conformal) representation Minkowski spacetime— solutions discussed. We show that generalised Lore...