The discovery of a second form of cyclooxygenase, COX-2, led to a burst of research aimed at the development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that would not damage the gastrointestinal tract. In the years since, this promise has only been partially fulfilled. Selective COX-2 inhibitors cause less gastric damage than conventional, nonselective COX inhibitors, but their use is still associ...

Abstract Early diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) continues to be a major hurdle during drug development and postmarketing. The objective this study was evaluate the diagnostic performance promising biomarkers injury—glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), cytokeratin-18 (K18), caspase-cleaved K18 (ccK18), osteopontin (OPN), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), MCSF receptor (MCSFR),...

RATIONALE Esophageal variceal bleeding caused by portal hypertension is massive and life-threatening to those patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) can effectively stop bleeding. But the process of puncture may lead to bile duct injury and even form fistulas between the hepatic artery and bile duct. PATIENT CONCERNS The case report...

Understanding of the pathophysiology of neuronal injury has advanced remarkably in the last decade. This largely reflects the burgeoning application of molecular techniques to neuronal cell biology. Although there is certainly no consensus hypothesis that explains all aspects of neuronal injury, a number of interesting observations have been published. In this brief review, we examine mechanism...

The article introduces two clinical cases of successful treatment Crohn’s disease (CD) the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT) with TNF inhibitors. Besides that, presentes review, devoted to diagnostics and treat same injury patients CD. It should be mentioned, that number publications in worldwide national literature is quite insignificant. One fact more important unavailability unificational a...

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite commonly used in clinical practice for a variety of indications ranging from rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue disorders to high dose regimens in many malignancies. This folate antagonist has got a spectrum of toxicities among which gastrointestinal effects predominate. Lung injury is a well described but rare event and has been reported most oft...

Duodenal trauma is an uncommon injury associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Upper gastrointestinal radiological studies and computed tomography may lead to the diagnosis of blunt duodenal trauma. Exploratory laparotomy remains as the ultimate diagnostic test if a high suspicion of duodenal injury continues even in the face of absent or equivocal radiographic signs. The majority o...

RATIONALE Gastroscopymay not only allow identification of gastric injury, but may also facilitate prompt repair. PATIENT CONCERNS A 39-year-old male patient was admitted 3 hours after abdominal injury caused by penetration of a screwdriver. Physical examination and computed tomography showed no evidence of gastric injury. However, 3000 mL fresh blood was vomited during the subsequent observat...

BACKGROUND Current knowledge about clinical and genetic risk factors for aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury is not sufficient to prevent these gastric mucosal lesions. METHODS We recruited aspirin takers as the exposed group and healthy volunteers as the control group. The exposed group was categorized into two subgroups such as subgroup A as gastric mucosal injury diagnosed by gastroscop...

gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists) are uncommon tumors of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract that occur predominantly in adults. these tumors originated from cajal cells have positive mutations for kit (cd117) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor (pdgfra). gist especially multiple gists are very rare in children and lacking mutations in kit. we present a previously healthy 13 year- old ...