1. Legislation and consequences. Federal Law for Preservation of Clean Air 1959, Technical Instructions 1964, Provisional Law 1965, Law for Protection from Ground Pollution; Smog Warning System. Monetary consequences. 2. Principal problems in the chemical industry. Characterization: manifold, non-uniform production; alterable products; modification of processes; temporary and quantitative fluct...

INTRODUCTION High concentrations of CO2 in natural gas affect its calorific value and corrode the equipment and pipelines related to its transportation and usage. Therefore, strict control over the H2S and CO2 contents in natural gas is essential. CO2 is an important industrial gas that can bring a great deal of economic profit when it is fully utilized. CASE DESCRIPTION The natural gas produ...

A lifecycle environmental impact analysis was conducted for SF6 used as an insulating gas in electrical devices. Eight scenarios with different forms of usage as an insulating gas (pure SF6 and gaseous mixture of SF6 with nitrogen) and treatment processes of waste SF6 (e.g., reproduction after decomposition, reuse after purification) are assumed. Energy consumption and emission of pollutants an...

A general method is described for the detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of bile acids and related compounds from feces. The technique utilizes a novel combination of liquid-gel and liquid-solid extraction, lipophilic ion exchange chromatography, and capillary column gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, which permits the detailed composition of bile acids in feces...

Maleimides (1H-Pyrrole-2,5-diones) are monopyrrolic pigment derivatives with specific alkyl side chains that can be directly linked to their tetrapyrrole precursors, most notably chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. These compounds can be used as palaeoenvironmental indicators such as algal productivity and redox conditions in ancient and modern aquatic systems. Here, we present a new method ...

Plasmas in bubbles in water are being investigated for their ability to produce chemically reactive species for water purification and medical treatment. The gas forming the bubble is potentially a design parameter for water purification as the type and rate of production of active species may be controllable by the type of gas in the bubble. In this paper, we report on a computational investig...

The analysis of the ion chemistry of atmospheric pressure plasmas is essential to evaluate ionic reaction pathways during plasma-surface or plasma-analyte interactions. In this contribution, the ion chemistry of a radio-frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jet (μ-APPJ) operated in helium is investigated by mass spectrometry (MS). It is found, that the ion composition is extremely sensitive to ...

The respiratory protection against chemical warfare agents (CWA) has become a worldwide security concern in light of the many recent international threats utilising CWA. Till date the carbon filtration was adequate to protect the soldiers from the threats of CWA. With the advent of further advancements in the CWA a new threat is looming large that is known as the carbon breakers. pressure swing...