nowadays, increased attention has been focused on internal combustion engine fuels. regarding environmental effects of internal combustion engines particularly as sources of pollution and depletion of fossil fuels, compressed natural gas has been introduced as an alternative to gasoline and diesel fuels in many applications. a high research octane number which allows combustion at higher compre...

The article contains the analysis of alternative sources and the perspectives of application low-powered nuclear thermoelectric power stations for electromagnetic compatibility on distance oil and gas fields with mesh power networks from 6 to 35 kV.

The aim of this work was to optimize a model which gives a possibility of evaluating the localization of EMEP monitoring stations. To estimate if the location of air monitoring stations was correct, a single-layer artificial neural network (ANN) was used. In the procedure of unsupervised network training, a standard competitive training based on the k-means algorithm with a modification called ...

The adoption of liquefied petroleum gas vehicles is strongly linked to the break-even distance at which they have the same costs as conventional cars, with very limited market penetration at break-even distances above 40,000 km. Hydrogen vehicles are predicted to have costs by 2030 that should give them a break-even distance of less than this critical level. It will be necessary to ensure that ...

The dynami~ cha~:-acteristics of scroll compresso~: operation have been demonstrated and analyzed in a number of papers over the past decade. This paper discusses the modeling methods used to describe the scroll ~ompressor discharge dynamics. Nume~:ous models are required to accurately represent this complex dynamic p~:-ocess. These include the differential mass continuity and polytropic compre...

The fundamental equations which describe the flow through gas and liquid pipelines are formally identical. However, the wide gap between the compressibility ranges of gases and liquids leads to quite different transport characteristics for both kinds of media. While for oil pipelines and pump stations specific topics like batch operation, surges, and possible slack line scenarios have to be con...

BACKGROUND Dynamic gas compression during forced expiration has an influence on conventional flow-volume spirometry results. The extent of gas compression in different pulmonary disorders remains obscure. Utilizing a flow plethysmograph we determined the difference between thoracic and mouth flows during forced expiration as an indication of thoracic gas compression in subjects with different p...

Sharafkhaneh, Amir, Todd M. Officer, Sheila GoodnightWhite, Joseph R. Rodarte, and Aladin M. Boriek. Novel method for measuring effects of gas compression on expiratory flow. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287: R479–R484, 2004. First published April 29, 2004; 10.1152/ajpregu.00573.2003.—During forced vital capacity maneuvers in subjects with expiratory flow limitation, lung volume decre...