Tea is an agricultural product of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of various cultivars and sub-varieties of the Camellia sinensis plant, processed and vulcanized using various methods. Tea is a main beverage in Iranian food basket so should be free from toxic elements such as pesticides residue. There is no data bank on the residue of pesticides in the consumed black tea in Iran. The pres...

Chemists are constantly striving for techniques that add dimensions of orthogonality with increased throughput and sample complexity. Ion mobility spectrometry (IM) is a gas-phase separation method that adds new dimensions to mass spectrometry (MS). IM separates gas-phase ions based on their collision cross-section and can be coupled with time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry to yield a powerf...

Surface water reservoirs and aquifers are exposed to contamination by thousands of micropollutants from industrial, pharmaceutical, agricultural and natural origins. Most developed and developing countries implement a water-quality regulation programme to prevent contamination by such chemicals at illegal concentrations. Traditionally, analytical methods based on gas chromatography-mass spectro...

It is well known that nikethamide (N,N-diethylnicotinamide, CoramineR) is metabolized very rapidly to nicotinamide. Hence, there is difficulty in proving that nikethamide has been used as a doping substance because nicotinamide is a normal physiological metabolite in the organism as well as a vitamin preparation. However, an intermediate metabolite (N-ethylnicotinamide) was found by us in the u...

The occurrence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in sediment from Lake Suwa, Japan, was confirmed by a tissue culture assay, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Altogether, 17 TTX-producing bacteria belonging to five genera were isolated from Lake Suwa and Pond Inokasira. Our results indicate that TTX and TTX-producing bacteria occur even in freshwater environm...

AIMS To improve our understanding of the pharmacology of 'ecstasy' in recreational environments; in particular, to describe the composition of ecstasy pills, patterns of ecstasy use and the relationship between dose of 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and resulting plasma concentrations. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A naturalistic observational study of 56 experienced 'ecstasy' use...

The ability to synthesize lipids is critical for an organism's fitness; hence, metabolic pathways, underlying lipid synthesis, tend to be highly conserved. Surprisingly, the majority of parasitoids deviate from this general metabolic model by lacking the ability to convert sugars and other carbohydrates into lipids. These insects spend the first part of their life feeding and developing in or o...

Concerned with variations in abuse potential and control status among various isomers of ephedrines and norephedrines, this study was conducted to develop an effective method for the simultaneous analysis of eight ephedrine-related compounds along with structurally similar cathinones. Among various approaches studied, a 60-m HP-5MS (0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 microm film thickness) was successfully use...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Methylcarbamate (MC) and ethylcarbamate (EC) are toxic compounds that commonly exist in fermented food and beverages. In order to estimate the risk for their exposure, a sensitive simultaneous analytical method is required RESULTS A simultaneous determination of MC and EC was described based on derivatization with 9-xanthydrol and consecutive detection using gas chrom...