The basal ganglia are known to receive inputs from widespread regions of the cerebral cortex, such as the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Of these cortical areas, only the frontal lobe is thought to be the target of basal ganglia output. One of the cortical regions that is a source of input to the basal ganglia is area TE, in inferotemporal cortex. This cortical area is thought to be cri...

PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between lateralization of cerebral basal ganglia hemorrhage and handedness. METHODS Medical records and computed tomography (CT) scans for 84 patients with primary hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in basal ganglia were reviewed. Data of gender, age, handedness, and location of basal ganglia hematoma were statistically analyzed. Data of age, ge...

The common view that stopping action plans by the basal ganglia is achieved mainly subthalamic nucleus alone due to its direct excitatory projection onto output nuclei of has been challenged recent findings. proposed “pause-then-cancel” model suggests provides a rapid stimulus-unspecific “pause” signal, followed stop-cue-specific “cancel” signal from striatum-projecting arkypallidal neurons. To...

Concepts of basal ganglia organization have changed markedly over the past decade, due to significant advances in our understanding of the anatomy, physiology and pharmacology of these structures. Independent evidence from each of these fields has reinforced a growing perception that the functional architecture of the basal ganglia is essentially parallel in nature, regardless of the perspectiv...

Recent advances in anatomical, physiological and histochemical characterization of avian basal ganglia neurons and circuitry have revealed remarkable similarities to mammalian basal ganglia. A modern revision of the avian anatomical nomenclature has now provided a common language for studying the function of the cortical-basal-ganglia-cortical loop, enabling neuroscientists to take advantage of...

This paper briefly reviews the functional anatomy of the basal ganglia and their relationships with the thalamocortical system. The basal ganglia, including the striatum, pallidum, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra, are involved in a number of parallel, functionally segregated cortical-subcortical circuits. These circuits support a wide range of sensorimotor, cognitive and emotional-mot...

Fahr's disease or idiopathic basal ganglia calcification is a rare pathology. The most common clinical manifestations are movement disorders, psychiatric cerebellar syndrome, seizures and cognitive disorders. We report the case of 47-year-old female patient with revealed by brutal right hemiplegia.

The neurotrophic effects of neurturin (NRTN) on chick cranial ganglia were evaluated at various embryonic stages in vitro and related to its receptor expression. NRTN promoted the outgrowth and survival of ciliary ganglion neurons at early embryonic (E) stages (E6-E12), trigeminal ganglion neurons at midstages (E9-E16), and vestibular ganglion neurons at late stages (E12-E16). NRTN had no posit...

OBJECTIVES Manganese exposure leads to diffuse cerebral metal deposition with the highest concentration in the globus pallidus associated with increased T1-weighted MRI signal. T1 signal intensity in extra-pallidal basal ganglia (caudate and putamen) has not been studied in occupationally exposed workers. Diffusion weighted imaging is a non-invasive measure of neuronal damage and may provide a ...