The Gale–Nikaido–Debreu lemma plays an important role in establishing the existence of competitive equilibrium. In this paper, we use Sperner’s and basic elements topology to prove lemma.

The Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) on Mars is an intensely eroded deposit north of the cratered highlands. It is widely thought that MFF materials were emplaced through ignimbrite eruptions. Recent geologic mapping of western MFF identified outliers of MFF materials well beyond the previously mapped western extent for the deposit, including outliers close to Gale crater. We report counts of imp...

Infeasible network flow problems with supplies and demands can be characterized via violated cut-inequalities of the classical Gale-Hoffman theorem. Written as a linear program, irreducible infeasible subsystems (IISs) provide a different means of infeasibility characterization. In this article, we answer a question left open in the literature, by showing a one-to-one correspondence between IIS...

Galactosemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to a deficiency of galactose-1-P:uridyl transferase (GALT) (classical galactosemia), galactokinase (GALK), or UDP-galactose-4 epimerase (GALE). Of the three, GALT deficiency is the most severe and results in the accumulation of galactose-1-P in tissues, which damages the liver, eye, brain, ovary, and kidney. In GALK deficiency, ingested ga...

11374: In Acute Coronary Syndromes, Heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein is a More Accurate Predictor of Long Term Prognosis than Troponin. Ian R Pearson; Alistair S Hall; Christopher P Gale; Mohan U Sivananthan; Karthik Viswanathan; Niamh Kilcullen; Julian H Barth Leeds Teaching Hosps NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom Reference Ian R Pearson; Alistair S Hall; Christopher P Gale; Mohan U Sivana...

We present a Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoder for statistical machine translation. The approach aims to minimize the expected loss of translation errors with regard to the BLEU score. We show that MBR decoding on N -best lists leads to an improvement of translation quality. We report the performance of the MBR decoder on four different tasks: the TCSTAR EPPS Spanish-English task 2006, the NIST ...

Cyclic polytopes are characterized as simplicial polytopes satisfying Gale’s evenness condition (a combinatorial condition on facets relative to a fixed ordering of the vertices). Periodically-cyclic polytopes are polytopes for which certain subpolytopes are cyclic. Bisztriczky discovered a class of periodically-cyclic polytopes that also satisfy Gale’s evenness condition. The faces of these po...

Infeasible network flow problems with supplies and demands can be characterized via violated cut-inequalities of the classical Gale-Hoffman theorem. Written as a linear program, irreducible infeasible subsystems (IISs) provide a different means of infeasibility characterization. In this article, we answer a question left open in the literature by showing a one-to-one correspondence between IISs...

While a multitude of machine translation (MT) evaluation metrics exist, most require one or more gold standard references. For the DARPA GALE program, source data is translated according to detailed guidelines and high quality standards, but these raw translations then undergo a rigorous and carefully constructed quality control (QC) process to create the final references. GALE evaluation trans...

Vaccination with viable cells of an avirulent Salmonella typhimurium galE mutant provides mice with solid specific immunity against subsequent infection with a virulent smooth strain. Such a live vaccine is markedly more potent than one prepared from inactivated cells of the virulent smooth strain. The superiority of the live vaccine is particularly well demonstrated when the oral route of appl...