Topper and Stetten (1) fed n-galactose-l-Cl4 by stomach tube to fasted rats and isolated glucose from the liver glycogen. About 90 per cent of the Cl4 was in C-l of the glucose unit of glycogen. They concluded that a direct epimerization of carbon 4 of the n-galactose occurred rather than a rupture of the carbon skeleton (1). However, any mechanism which removed C-l and which formed glycogen fr...

Galactokinase catalyzes the formation of cy-n-galactose l-phosphate from adenosine triphosphate and n-galactose (1, 2) and is the first enzyme in a series by which galactose enters the varied pathways of glucose metabolism (3, 4). Although galactokinase has been studied extensively in various microorganisms, in mammalian tissues investigations have been limited to confirmation of its presence i...

1. Kinetic measurements of the forward reaction catalysed by ATP-galactose phosphotransferase were carried out with a purified preparation from pig liver. 2. The rate of reaction at pH7.8 is dependent on the concentration of MgATP(2-) rather than total ATP or magnesium chloride concentrations. 3. The effect of changes in pH on K(m) (galactose), K(m) (MgATP(2-)) and V(max.) was studied. 4. Of se...

In yeast, the enzymes required for steps (1) to ( 3 ) are “induced” enzymes which are synthesized only if galactose is present in the medium (DE ROBICHONSZULMAJSTER 1958). The nonallelic genes GA, and GA, are required in our strains of Saccharomyces for the rapid fermentation of galactose. GA, appears to control the transfer of galactose into the cell (DOUGLAS and CONDIE 1954) ; in the absence ...

This review (with 35 references) summarizes the various strategies used in biosensors for galactose, and their analytical performance. A brief comparison of the enzyme immobilization methods employed and the analytical performance characteristics of a range of galactose biosensors are first summarized in tabular form and then described in detail. Selected examples have been included to demonstr...

The isolation of lectins by affinity chromatography with crosslinked hemicelluloses has been a common practice because the variety glycosides that they present, improving different kinds lectins, such as galactose ligands.Lectins for carbohydrates is so specific simple configuration chiral carbon can affect affinity, and there are more related to alfa-galactosidic than beta-galactosidic residue...

Pectin is a group of structurally diverse dietary fibers, very abundant in agri-food waste and by-products such as those generated during apple cider manufacturing. In recent years, pectin pectinoligosaccharides have demonstrated good fermentation properties prominent health promoting traits, particularly ameliorating certain inflammatory conditions. previous investigations pomace derived from ...

Mitochondrial toxicity is increasingly being implicated as a contributing factor to many xenobiotic-induced organ toxicities, including skeletal muscle toxicity. This has necessitated the need for predictive in vitro models that are able to sensitively detect mitochondrial toxicity of chemical entities early in the research and development process. One such cell model involves substituting gala...

The ability of Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) to grow on lactose strongly depends on the formation of an extracellular glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 35 beta-galactosidase, encoded by the bga1 gene. Previous studies, using batch or transfer cultures of pregrown cells, had shown that bga1 is induced by lactose and d-galactose, but to a lesser extent by galactitol. To test whether the in...