An almost-direct product of free groups is an iterated semidirect product of finitely generated free groups in which the action of the constituent free groups on the homology of one another is trivial. We determine the structure of the cohomology ring of such a group. This is used to analyze the topological complexity of the associated Eilenberg-Mac Lane space. 1. Almost direct products of free...

BACKGROUND Cyclin E is the normal inducer of S phase in G1 cells of Drosophila embryos. Stable G1 quiescence requires the downregulation both of cyclin E and of other factors that can bypass the normal regulation of cell cycle progression. RESULTS High-level expression of cyclin A triggered the G1/S transition in wild-type embryos and in mutant embryos lacking cyclin E. Three types of control...

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity initiates the eukaryotic cell division cycle by turning on a suite of gene expression in late G1 phase. In metazoans, CDK-dependent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) alleviates repression of E2F and thereby activates G1/S transcription. However, in yeast, an analogous G1 phase target of CDK activity has remained elusive. H...

Abstract Background and Aims Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) toxic gain-of-function variants (G1 or G2) are genetic factors driving a broad spectrum of progressive, proteinuric nephropathies referred to as APOL1-mediated kidney disease (AMKD). APOL1 genotyping is not routinely performed in care, prevalence among persons with chronic (CKD) Europe well known. These common recent African ancestry. We re...

Our objective was to compare the effect of treatment with GnRH at first (G1) Breeding-Ovsynch portion a Double-Ovsynch (DO) protocol human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows. In experiment 1, cows (n = 1,932) submitted DO for timed (TAI) 2 commercial farms were blocked by parity (primiparous vs. multiparous) and randomly assign...

Let P be an edge-property of graphs. For any graph G we construct a polynomial Ψ(G, η,P), in an indeterminate η, in which the coefficient of η for any r ≥ 0 gives the number of subsets of E(G) that have cardinality r and satisfy P . An example is the well known matching polynomial of a graph. After studying the properties of Ψ(G, η,P) in general, we specialise to two particular edge-properties:...

Given two graphs G1 and G2, the Kronecker product G1 ⊗G2 of G1 and G2 is a graph which has vertex set V (G1⊗G2) = V (G1)×V (G2) and edge set E(G1 ⊗ G2) = {(u1, v1)(u2, v2) : u1u2 ∈ E(G1) and v1v2 ∈ E(G2)}. ∗ Research was partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 11171207) and the Key Programs of Wuxi City College of Vocational Technology (WXCY2012-GZ-007). † Co...

This study aimed at evaluating the use of hydrogel isolectin in the treatment of second-degree burns. Twenty male rats were randomly divided into two groups (G1 = treatment with hydrogel containing 100 μg/mL Cramoll 1,4 and G2 = Control, hydrogel). After 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, animals were euthanized. On the 7th day, G1 showed intense exudates, necrosis and edema. On the 14th day, G1 showe...