If X,Y are normed spaces, let B(X,Y ) be the set of all bounded linear maps X → Y . If T : X → Y is a linear map, I take it as known that T is bounded if and only if it is continuous if and only if E ⊆ X being bounded implies that T (E) ⊆ Y is bounded. I also take it as known that B(X,Y ) is a normed space with the operator norm, that if Y is a Banach space then B(X,Y ) is a Banach space, that ...

in this paper we initiate the study of real group algebras and investigate some of its aspects.let l1 (g) be a group algebra of a locally compact group g,τ :g →g be a group homeomorphismsuch that τ 2 =τοτ = 1, the identity map, and lp (g,τ ) = { f ∈ lp (g) : fοτ = f } ( p ≥ 1) . in thispaper, among other results, we clarify the structure of lp (g,τ ) and characterize amenability ofl1 (g,τ ) and...

In this paper we continue development of formal theory of a special class offuzzy logics, called EQ-logics. Unlike fuzzy logics being extensions of theMTL-logic in which the basic connective is implication, the basic connective inEQ-logics is equivalence. Therefore, a new algebra of truth values calledEQ-algebra was developed. This is a lower semilattice with top element endowed with two binary...

This paper is an investigation of positive elements in a Banach algebra. Under the firmness of the state space of a Banach algebra, it is shown that even powers of positive Hermitian elements are in fact positive.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of fuzzy obstinate ideals in MV -algebras. Some properties of fuzzy obstinateideals are given. Not only we give some characterizations of fuzzy obstinate ideals, but also bring the extension theorem of fuzzy obstinate ideal of an MV -algebra A. We investigate the relationships between fuzzy obstinate ideals and the other fuzzy ideals of an MV -algebra. We ...

In this paper, we nd the relationships between module contractibility of aBanach algebra and its ideals. We also prove that module contractibility ofa Banach algebra is equivalent to module contractibility of its module uniti-zation. Finally, we show that when a maximal group homomorphic image ofan inverse semigroup S with the set of idempotents E is nite, the moduleprojective tensor product l1...

let  and  be banach algebras, ,  and . we define an -product on  which is a strongly splitting extension of  by . we show that these products form a large class of banach algebras which contains all module extensions and triangular banach algebras. then we consider spectrum, arens regularity, amenability and weak amenability of these products.

In this paper we study the relationships among the spectra of the cosets of an element of a Banach algebra in some quotient algebras. We also characterize the spectrum of any a E M (where M is an ideal of a Banach algebra with identity and moreover has an identity) in the whole algebra in terms of the spectrum of a in M.

We present some connections between the max-min general fuzzy automaton theory and the hyper structure theory. First, we introduce a hyper BCK-algebra induced by a max-min general fuzzy automaton. Then, we study the properties of this hyper BCK-algebra. Particularly, some theorems and results for hyper BCK-algebra are proved. For example, it is shown that this structure consists of different ty...