The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) is a key regulator of metabolism, proliferation, inflammation and differentiation, and upregulates tumor suppressor genes, such as PTEN, BRCA1 and PPARγ itself. Examination of mammary carcinogenesis in transgenic mice expressing the dominant-negative Pax8PPARγ fusion protein revealed that tumors were estrogen receptorα (ER)-positive and se...

BACKGROUND Based on preclinical studies, the vascular endothelial pathway is an important mechanism for estrogen receptor resistance. We conducted a phase II study of fulvestrant and bevacizumab in patients with aromatase inhibitor pretreated metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-stage phase II study was conducted with these objectives: 6-month progression-free survival (PFS...

BACKGROUND Endocrine therapy constitutes a central modality in the treatment of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive advanced breast cancer. PURPOSE To evaluate the evidence for endocrine treatment in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer focusing on the aromatase inhibitors, letrozole, anastrozole, exemestane and fulvestrant. METHODS A review was carried out using PubMed. Randomi...

Our previous investigations using cell models of tamoxifen resistance have shown that the acquisition of an endocrine-insensitive state is accompanied by an invasive in vitro phenotype. In this study, we wished to determine whether this was specifically related to partial oestrogen receptor agonists or whether similar phenomena arise with the newer 'pure' anti-oestrogens, exemplified by fulvest...

De novo insensitivity and acquired resistance to the selective oestrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen and the pure anti-oestrogen fulvestrant (faslodex) severely limit their effectiveness in breast cancer patients. This is a major clinical problem, since each year upward of 1 million women are dispensed anti-oestrogenic drugs. In order to investigate the phenomenon of anti-oestrogen resistance ...

introduction: neurodegenerative diseases are progressive disorders that could impair neuronal functions and structures. oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease and etc. gemfibrozil is used as a therapeutic drug for hyperlipidemia. it has been shown that gemfibrozil is neuroprotecti...

PURPOSE It has been hypothesized that response to endocrine therapy for breast cancer depends on Her2 and progesterone receptor status, grading, and tumor proliferation rate. In this study, we evaluated factors that are potentially predictive of response and time to progression in patients treated with fulvestrant. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN One hundred fifty-five patients were included and followed...

We have previously shown that stromal cells desensitize breast cancer cells to the anti-estrogen fulvestrant and, along with it, downregulate the expression of TMEM26 (transmembrane protein 26). In an effort to study the function and regulation of TMEM26 in breast cancer cells, we found that breast cancer cells express non-glycosylated and N-glycosylated isoforms of the TMEM26 protein and demon...