global air pollution is a serious threat caused by excessive use of fossil fuels for transportation. despite the fact that diesel fuel is a big environmental pollutant as it contains different hydrocarbons, sulphur and crude oil residues, it is yet regarded as a highly critical fuel due to its wide applications. nowadays, biodiesel as a renewable additive is blended with diesel fuel to achieve ...

The worldwide aim of reducing environmental impact from internal combustion engines bring more and stringent emission regulations. In 2017 by EU has been adopted new harmonized test procedure called WLTP. general terms this was designed for determining the levels harmful emissions fuel consumption traditional hybrid cars. This contains specific driving scenarios which representing real-life pat...

Presenting the influence of compressed natural gas (CNG) used as alternative fuel on combustion an automotive diesel engine represents main objective this paper. The paper studies brake specific energetic consumption, in-cylinder pressure and rise rate, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke hydrocarbons emissions at 2000 rev/min 40%, 55% 70% load. Low content will determine lower CO 2 all load...

Land ecosystems can play a crucial role in climate-change mitigation by acting as sinks for carbon. Legacy effects of past land use, including conversion and changes land-use intensity, influence the capacity future ecosystem carbon sequestration. These are hard to quantify, however, intensity still largely overlooked. This study assessed long term dynamics (1850–2015) terrestrial budget France...

The transition to alternative fuels and vehicles presents many challenges that require long-range strategic thought and planning. Fuel producers must make expensive infrastructure decisions about which fuels to support years before they are sold. Vehicle producers must commit to new drivetrains on a similar long-range schedule. Whichever technologies prevail, hydrogen fuel cell, PHEV, BEV or bi...

The present study set out to investigate the effect of teaching substitution as a kind of grammatical cohesion on the true identification of confusing substitution elements with cohesive or non-cohesive roles in different contexts and also the production of modal, reporting and conditional contexts through clausal substitution acquaintance. To this end, the following procedures were taken. Firs...

Based on the strong similarities between energy-resource-poor and fossil-fuel-centered economies (e.g., Taiwan, Japan, South Korea) in terms of economy, culture, energy usage characteristics, they should be analyzed collectively. This study adopted two-tier input-output structural decomposition analysis to identify driving forces behind CO2 emissions these countries formulation effective enviro...

This study focuses on the development of electric vehicles (EV) in the private passenger vehicle fleet in Beijing (China), analyzes how EVs will penetrate in the market, and estimates the resulting impacts on energy consumption and CO2 emissions up to 2030. A discrete choice model is adopted with consideration of variables including vehicle technical characteristics, fuel prices, charging condi...