Place-based tax incentives, such as the New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) and Opportunity Zones are often used to promote investment in low-income neighborhoods. However, not all neighborhoods have an equal need for subsidies. Subsidies already gentrifying neighborhoods, example, may reflect inefficient inframarginal investment, they lead inequitable outcomes. Critics fear that when eligible will d...

Prediction markets are powerful forecasting tools. They have the potential to aggregate private information, to generate and disseminate a consensus among the market participants, and to provide incentives for information acquisition. These market functionalities can be very valuable for scientific research. Here, we report an experiment that examines the compatibility of prediction markets wit...

A repeated challenge of the two-sided market literature is the “chicken-and-egg” problem. In a single-period setting, subsidizing one side of the market to jumpstart the platform adoption process has been suggested as the solution. However, it is not known whether such subsidizing strategies remain optimal under dynamic platform competition. This paper develops a multi-period framework to study...

Options for health financing reform are often portrayed as a choice between general taxation (known as the Beveridge model) and social health insurance (known as the Bismarck model). Ten years of health financing reform in Kyrgyzstan, since the introduction of its compulsory health insurance fund in 1997, provide an excellent example of why it is wrong to reduce health financing policy to a cho...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major factor in the globalization scenario. However, contrary to the core pro-market tenets of the economic school supporting globalization, the flows of FDI have grown side by side with a whole array of FDI subsidies dispensed by the “visible hand” of the state. Scholars have studied the links between FDI and economic growth and between subsidies and actual...

8 structural entry barriers in particular markets may not encourage Black rm entry. 12 Finally , the model suggests a normative perspective on whether or not Black rm entry should be subsidized. Demsetz (1982) has argued that entry barriers may consitute an endogenous response to consumer preferences. If for example, the basis for consumers having a taste for discrimination is their inability t...

We analyze a situation where a principal wants to induce two firms to produce an output, e.g. electricity from renewable energy sources. Firms can undertake non-contractible investments to reduce production cost of the output. Part of these investments spills over and also reduces production cost of the other firm. Comparing a general price subsidy and an innovation tournament, we find that the...

To carry out the investigation, a cylinder pressure model was developed based on the position of the crankshaft, engine load, engine speed, and fuel injection time. This model takes into account the maximum number of parameters involved. The accuracy of the model was verified by experimental results. The average error of the cylinder pressure, the average radical of the square of the error of t...

Passenger transportation by river vessels plays an important role for the mobility of population, especially in remote areas. Considering social significance transport state provides it with comprehensive support. State support measures include development waterway infrastructure and subsidizing ports, northern regions country.