in spark ignition (si) engines, the accurate control of air fuel ratio (afr) in the stoichiometric value is required to reduce emission and fuel consumption. the wide operating range, the inherent nonlinearities and the modeling uncertainties of the engine system are the main difficulties arising in the design of afr controller. in this paper, an optimization-based nonlinear control law is anal...

A simplified spray environment is used to represent the multicomponent nature of liquid fuels and to examine the sensitivity of their vaporization behavior to the various liquidand gas-phase models. Liquid-phase models are the diffusion limit, the infinite diffusion, and the vortex. Gas-phase models are the Ranz-Marshall correlation and the axisymmetric model. Three subsets of equations are sol...

Suitability of the Sauter mean diameter and the surface-area mean diameter for representing the ignition and combustor behavior of polydisperse sprays is examined. Initial size distributions considered are the Nukiyama-Tanasawa distribution and a bidisperse spray. Two physical situations are analyzed. In the first, the ignition characteristics of a polydisperse spray in the viscinity of a hot w...

In this paper we describe an experimental rig which has been built as a result of inspiration from the bombardier beetle. This beetle is such that it has the capacity to fire a spray of hot water, steam and noxious chemicals from a nozzle at the rear end of its abdomen in any direction it wishes (even over its head). An example of controlled combustion in nature, it has led to first to simulati...

This paper describes an evaluation of a neural network technique for modelling fuel spray penetration in the cylinder of a diesel internal combustion engine. The model was implemented using a multi-layer perceptron neural network. Two engine operating parameters were used as inputs to the model, namely injection pressure and in-cylinder pressure. Spray penetration length were modelled on the ba...

Separators are used to protect cathodes from biofouling and to avoid electrode short-circuiting, but they can adversely affect microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. A spray method was used to apply a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) separator to the cathode. Power densities were unaffected by the PVA separator (339±29mW/m(2)), compared to a control lacking a separator in a low conductivity solution (1m...

We have studied the ignition of fuel sprays and simulated solid rocket fuels (SRF) by the photoignition of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with an ordinary camera flash. Our investigation includes the effect of solid additives such as aluminum nano-particles and solid oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate (AP) on the photoignition characteristics. We have shown that by mixing CNT with ot...

We have studied the ignition of liquid fuel and certain solid fuels by the photoignition of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Our investigation includes the effect of solid additives such as aluminum nano-particles and solid oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate (AP) on the photoignition characteristics. We have shown that by mixing CNT with other nanoparticles and powdered material, the ...