A control-oriented dynamic model of a catalytic partial oxidation-based fuel processor is developed using physics-based principles. The fuel processor system (FPS) converts a hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen (H2)-rich mixture that is directly feed to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack (PEM-FCS). Cost and performance requirements of the total powerplant typically lead to highly integrate...

Instantaneous two-dimensional measurements of reaction rate, mixture fraction, and temperature are demonstrated in turbulent partially premixed methane/air jet flames. The forward reaction rate of the reaction CO OH ⇒ CO2 H is measured by simultaneous OH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two-photon CO LIF. The product of the two LIF signals is shown to be proportional to the reaction rate. T...

The crude oil sector in Nigeria contributes substantially to the economy; however, these benefits are being compromised by significant subsidies on refined oil imports. The refined oil subsidy is paid primarily on imported fuel because domestic refineries cannot satisfy the national demand at current prices. Low fuel prices are considered an important benefit to the Nigerian people, where more ...

This study considers the feasibility of using highly oxygenated and volatile pyrolysis oils from biomass wastes as sustainable liquid fuels for conversion to a hydrogen-rich syngas using the chemical looping reforming process in a packed bed. Pine oil and palm empty fruit bunches oil‘EFB’were investigated with a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst doubling as oxygen transfer material (OTM). The effect of molar s...

High-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying uses a combustion process to heat the gas flow and coating material. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to predict gas dynamic behavior in a HVOF thermal spray gun in which premixed oxygen and propane are burnt in a combustion chamber linked to a parallel-sided nozzle. The CFD analysis is applied to investigate axisymm...

This paper evaluates how gasoline prices influences the average fuel economy of the existing automobile fleet. Higher fuel price affects fleet composition in two ways: immediate purchase decisions of new, more fuel efficient, vehicles and scrappage of old fuel inefficient gas-guzzlers. Gasoline costs account for 65% of the total operating costs of driving an automobile. Rational forward-looking...

F or nearly a century, federal and state gasoline and diesel taxes have provided the main source of revenue for funding the nation’s road network. But such taxes—typically levied on a cents-per-gallon basis—must be raised periodically to keep pace with inflation and improved fuel economy. With the rise in antitax sentiment over the past several decades, elected officials have grown increasingly...

Combustion of hydrocarbons with pure oxygen as oxidizer is used, e.g., in high-temperature processes such the partial oxidation (POX) to produce synthesis gas high purity. Due prevailing temperatures, active cooling required for many parts. For laboratory-scale experiments, dimensions key parts are too small conventional manufacturing processes. One example a burner plate especially developed P...

In today's automotive business environment, responsibility for module and sub-system design and development is increasingly driven into the supply chain. Simultaneously, the pressure to reduce product cost is maintained if not increased. The engineering organizations of the higher tier suppliers are saddled with the task of managing a product development portfolio ranging from largely mature pr...

In recent years, attention has focused on smokeless, sulfur-free dimethyl ethyl (DME) as a clean fuel for heavy-duty diesel vehicles. As a part of its Next-Generation Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Project (EFV21), the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has developed a heavy-duty truck in the 20-ton class that uses DME as its fuel. A lean NOx trap system (NSR Type: NOx Storage Re...