Axon guidance is proposed to act through a combination of long- and short-range attractive and repulsive cues. The ligand-receptor pair, Netrin (Net) and Frazzled (Fra) (DCC, Deleted in Colorectal Cancer, in vertebrates), is recognized as the prototypical effector of chemoattraction, with roles in both long- and short-range guidance. In the Drosophila visual system, R8 photoreceptor growth cone...

Fos‑related antigen 1 (Fra‑1) has roles in a variety of cell functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and invasiveness, and it is upregulated in various cancers. We investigated the role of Fra‑1 in cellular radioresistance using cells of two human colorectal cancer cell lines, SW620 and SW480. We found that SW620 cells are more sensitive than SW480 cells at dos...

Matrix Metallopeptidase 1 (MMP-1) expression has repeatedly been correlated to tumorigenesis and metastasis.  Yet, MMP-1 regulation in a metastatic context remains largely unknown.  Here we confirm differential MMP-1 expression in mammary carcinoma cells with varied metastatic potentials. We show that MMP-1 expression is regulated by an AP-1 element in its promoter in highly metastatic MDA-MB-2...

We reported previously that activation of endogenous activator protein 1 (AP-1) in chicken embryo fibroblasts is essential for the cellular transformation induced by v-src, and we further showed that the activation of AP-1 is accompanied by elevation of Fra-2 and c-Jun expression and also high-level phosphorylation of Fra-2 by activated endogenous extracellular signal-regulated kinase [mitogen-...

We present FRA-Poly, a facial reduction algorithm (FRA) for conic linear programs that is sensitive to the presence of polyhedral faces in the cone. The main goals of FRA and FRA-Poly are the same, i.e., finding the minimal face containing the feasible region and detecting infeasibility, but FRA-Poly treats polyhedral constraints separately. This reduces the number of iterations drastically whe...

a frequency domain dynamic analysis is needed to obtain the response of structures constructed on a system of base isolators on flexible soil when subjected to earthquake ground motion. in such systems, the lateral stiffness of the base isolators is so small, compared to the structural stiffness, that in an earthquake attack the fundamental vibration mode dominates the response. with this in mi...

Insulin regulates the activity of the AP-1 (activator protein-1) transcriptional complex in several cell types. One component of the AP-1 complex is the transcription factor Fra-1 (fos-related antigen-1), and we have demonstrated previously that insulin stimulates the expression of Fra-1 mRNA in CHO.T cells [Griffiths, Black, Culbert, Dickens, Shaw, Gillespie and Tavaré (1998) Biochem. J. 335, ...

Fra Ambroz Testen (1897-1984) is undoubtedly one of the most intriguing self-taught painter in modern Croatian art. His work if full of contrasted colours, light and dark, blurred and clear shapes. What do his pieces tell us about his personality? Relying on the psychodynamic analytical model, we can identify manifestations of unconscious psyche in creative expression. This article describes th...

FRA-1 forms activator protein-1 complexes in association with members of the JUN family and drives gene transcription. FRA-1 has been implicated in the development of airway squamous metaplasia and is frequently overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus and stomach. We and others have shown a high level of persistent induction of FRA-1 by lung carcinogens, such as cigarette smo...